Abstract
ABSTRACT In a glasshouse experiment using potted strawberry plants (cv. Cambridge Favourite) as hosts, the effect of selected fungal antagonists grown on 25 or 50 g of mushroom compost containing autoclaved mycelia of Agaricus bisporus, or wheat bran was evaluated against Armillaria mellea. Another glasshouse experiment tested the effect of application time of the antagonists in relation to inoculations with the pathogen. A significant interaction was found between the antagonists, substrates and dose rates. All the plants treated with Chaetomium olivaceum isolate Co on 50 g wheat bran survived until the end of the experiment which lasted 482 days, while none of them survived when this antagonist was added to the roots of the plants on 25 g wheat bran or 25 or 50 g mushroom compost. Dactylium dendroides isolate SP had a similar effect, although with a lower host survival rate of 33.3%. Trichoderma hamatum isolate Tham1 and T. harzianum isolate Th23 protected 33.3% of the plants when added on 50 g and none when added on 25 g of either substrate, while 66.7% of the plants treated with T. harzianum isolate Th2 on 25 g, or T. viride isolate Tv3 on 50 g wheat bran, survived. Application of the antagonists on mushroom compost initially resulted in development of more leaves and healthier plants, but this effect was not sustained. Eventually, plants treated with the antagonists on wheat bran had significantly more leaves and higher health scores. The plants treated with isolate Th2 and inoculated with Armillaria at the same time had a survival rate of 66.7% for the duration of the experiment (475 days), while none of them survived that long when the antagonist and pathogen were applied with an interval of 85 days in either sequence. C. olivaceum isolate Co showed a protective effect only, as 66.7% of the plants survived when they were treated with the antagonist 85 days before inoculation with the pathogen, while none of them survived when the antagonist and pathogen were applied together or the infection preceded protection.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonist, substrate and dose rate interacted significantly.
- Taxon
- strawberry plants
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae1 - Material
- cv. Cambridge Favouritee1
- Treatment
- antagonists, substrates and dose ratese0
- Outcome
- interactione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A significant interaction was found between the antagonists, substrates and dose rates.”
e1“potted strawberry plants (cv. Cambridge Favourite) as hosts”
Claim · model-written summary
All strawberry plants given Chaetomium olivaceum Co on 50 g wheat bran survived for 482 days.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Chaetomium olivaceum isolate Co on 50 g wheat brane0
- Interactor
- Chaetomium olivaceumChaetomium olivaceume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survivede0
- Direction
- survivede0
- Value
- 482 dayse0
- Comparator
- 25 g wheat bran or 25 or 50 g mushroom composte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the plants treated with Chaetomium olivaceum isolate Co on 50 g wheat bran survived until the end of the experiment which lasted 482 days, while none of them survived when this antagonist was added to the roots of the plants on 25 g wheat bran or 25 or 50 g mushroom compost.”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
No plants survived when Co was carried on 25 g wheat bran or 25 or 50 g mushroom compost.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 25 g wheat bran or 25 or 50 g mushroom composte0
- Interactor
- Chaetomium olivaceumChaetomium olivaceume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- none of them survivede0
- Direction
- none of them survivede0
- Comparator
- 50 g wheat brane1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“none of them survived when this antagonist was added to the roots of the plants on 25 g wheat bran or 25 or 50 g mushroom compost.”
e1“Chaetomium olivaceum isolate Co on 50 g wheat bran”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Dactylium dendroides SP produced 33.3% strawberry survival.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- Dactylium dendroides
Hypomyces roselluse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- host survival ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 33.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dactylium dendroides isolate SP had a similar effect, although with a lower host survival rate of 33.3%.”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma hamatum Tham1 protected 33.3% of plants at 50 g, and none at 25 g.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma hamatum isolate Tham1e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma hamatum
Trichoderma hamatume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- protectede0
- Direction
- protectede0
- Value
- 33.3%e0
- Comparator
- 25 g of either substratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma hamatum isolate Tham1 and T. harzianum isolate Th23 protected 33.3% of the plants when added on 50 g and none when added on 25 g of either substrate”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum Th23 protected 33.3% at 50 g and none at 25 g.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum isolate Th23e0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- protectede0
- Direction
- protectede0
- Value
- 33.3%e0
- Comparator
- 25 g of either substratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum isolate Th23 protected 33.3% of the plants when added on 50 g and none when added on 25 g of either substrate”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum Th2 on 25 g yielded 66.7% survival.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum isolate Th2 on 25 ge0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survivede0
- Value
- 66.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“66.7% of the plants treated with T. harzianum isolate Th2 on 25 g, or T. viride isolate Tv3 on 50 g wheat bran, survived.”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride Tv3 on 50 g wheat bran yielded 66.7% survival.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- T. viride isolate Tv3 on 50 g wheat brane0
- Interactor
- T. viride
Trichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- survivede0
- Value
- 66.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“66.7% of the plants treated with T. harzianum isolate Th2 on 25 g, or T. viride isolate Tv3 on 50 g wheat bran, survived.”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mushroom compost initially increased leaf development and plant health, but the effect did not persist.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- antagonists on mushroom composte0
- Outcome
- more leaves and healthier plantse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- this effect was not sustainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of the antagonists on mushroom compost initially resulted in development of more leaves and healthier plants, but this effect was not sustained.”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat bran eventually yielded significantly more leaves and higher health scores.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- antagonists on wheat brane0
- Outcome
- leaves and higher health scorese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- mushroom composte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eventually, plants treated with the antagonists on wheat bran had significantly more leaves and higher health scores.”
e1“antagonists on mushroom compost”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Th2 applied with Armillaria yielded 66.7% survival for 475 days.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- isolate Th2 and inoculated with Armillaria at the same timee0
- Interactor
- Armillaria
Armillariae0pathogen - Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survival ratee0
- Direction
- survivede0
- Value
- 66.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 475 dayse0
- Comparator
- interval of 85 days in either sequencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants treated with isolate Th2 and inoculated with Armillaria at the same time had a survival rate of 66.7% for the duration of the experiment (475 days), while none of them survived that long when the antagonist and pathogen were applied with an interval of 85 days in either sequence.”
e1“66.7% of the plants treated with T. harzianum isolate Th2 on 25 g”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Co applied 85 days before pathogen inoculation yielded 66.7% survival, versus none with concurrent or later treatment.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- antagonist 85 days before inoculation with the pathogene0
- Interactor
- Armillaria mellea
.jpg?width=60)
Armillaria melleae1pathogen - Second interactor
- C. olivaceumChaetomium olivaceume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plants survivede0
- Direction
- survivede0
- Value
- 66.7%e0
- Comparator
- antagonist and pathogen were applied together or the infection preceded protectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“C. olivaceum isolate Co showed a protective effect only, as 66.7% of the plants survived when they were treated with the antagonist 85 days before inoculation with the pathogen, while none of them survived when the antagonist and pathogen were applied together or the infection preceded protection.”
e1“Armillaria mellea”
t0“Strawberry Plants”
The same questions in other papers
Triticum aestivum · survival · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
cobalt atom · survival · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Chaetomium olivaceum · survival · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
inoculation · survival · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.