Abstract
Abstract The effect of increasing aluminum (Al) concentrations on root nutrient contents along with the concurrent translocation to the shoot of C4 plants prompted this study. Two‐week‐old maize (Zea mays cv XL‐72.3) plants were therefore submitted for 20 days to Al concentrations ranging from 0 to 3.00 mM in a medium with low ionic strength were used as a test system. Aluminum concentrations in root tissues showed a 3‐fold increase between 0 and 3.00 mM Al treatment, and was not detected in the shoot. Root plasma membrane‐H+ ATPase activity decreased after the 0.33 mg L‐1 Al treatment, while membrane permeability increased up to 1.00 mM Al treatment. Root and shoot biomass decreased after the 0.33 mM Al treatment. All elements in the roots, except potassium (K), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were highest for plants treated with 0.33 mM Al. Potassium increased continuously between 0 and 3.00 mM Al treatments, and iron (Fe) decreased above 0.33 mM. Only a slight decrease in nitrogen (N) was observed. All the measured nutrients in shoots, except N, Mn, and Fe decreased above 0.33 mM, but calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) had little variation as Al varied. Data indicated that maximum net uptake for mineral nutrients, except Mn, occurred up to 0.33 mM Al. Translocation of phosphorus (P), K, Mn, and Zn decreased above 0.33 mM Al, N, and Ca decreased when any Al was added, and no clear trend was observed for Mg and Fe. Between the 0 and the 3.00 mM Al treatments, electrolytic conductance did not increased significantly indicating that the observed inhibitions of translocation from roots to shoots were not directly related to increasing membrane degradation.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Root aluminum concentration rose threefold across the 0 to 3.00 mM aluminum treatments.
- Treatment
- 3.00 mM Al treatmente0
- Outcome
- Aluminum concentrations in root tissuese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 3‐folde0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminum concentrations in root tissues showed a 3‐fold increase between 0 and 3.00 mM Al treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum was not detected in shoots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and was not detected in the shoot.”
e1“Aluminum concentrations in root tissues showed a 3‐fold increase between 0 and 3.00 mM Al treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root plasma membrane H+ ATPase activity declined after 0.33 mg L‐1 Al.
- Treatment
- 0.33 mg L‐1 Al treatmente0
- Gene
- H+ ATPasee0
- Outcome
- Root plasma membrane‐H+ ATPase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root plasma membrane‐H+ ATPase activity decreased after the 0.33 mg L‐1 Al treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root membrane permeability increased up to 1.00 mM Al.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“membrane permeability increased up to 1.00 mM Al treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot biomass declined after 0.33 mM Al treatment.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root and shoot biomass decreased after the 0.33 mM Al treatment”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Most root element concentrations peaked at 0.33 mM Al, except K, Mn and Zn.
- Treatment
- 0.33 mM Ale0
- Outcome
- All elements in the rootse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- except potassium (K), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All elements in the roots, except potassium (K), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were highest for plants treated with 0.33 mM Al.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root potassium increased continuously from 0 to 3.00 mM Al.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium increased continuously between 0 and 3.00 mM Al treatments”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root iron decreased above 0.33 mM Al.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“iron (Fe) decreased above 0.33 mM”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Root nitrogen showed only a slight decrease.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only a slight decrease in nitrogen (N) was observed.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Most measured shoot nutrients declined above 0.33 mM Al, except N, Mn and Fe.
- Treatment
- above 0.33 mMe0
- Outcome
- measured nutrients in shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except N, Mn, and Fee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the measured nutrients in shoots, except N, Mn, and Fe decreased above 0.33 mM”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot calcium and magnesium showed little variation with Al.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) had little variation as Al varied”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum net uptake of most mineral nutrients occurred by 0.33 mM Al, except Mn.
- Treatment
- up to 0.33 mM Ale0
- Outcome
- net uptake for mineral nutrientse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- except Mne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum net uptake for mineral nutrients, except Mn, occurred up to 0.33 mM Al”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Translocation of P, K, Mn and Zn declined above 0.33 mM Al.
- Treatment
- above 0.33 mM Ale0
- Outcome
- Translocation of phosphorus (P), K, Mn, and Zne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Translocation of phosphorus (P), K, Mn, and Zn decreased above 0.33 mM Al”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Translocation of N and Ca declined with any added Al.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, and Ca decreased when any Al was added”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg and Fe translocation showed no clear trend.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no clear trend was observed for Mg and Fe”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrolytic conductance did not rise significantly across 0 to 3.00 mM Al.
- Treatment
- 3.00 mM Al treatmentse0
- Outcome
- electrolytic conductancee0
- Direction
- did not increasede0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Between the 0 and the 3.00 mM Al treatments, electrolytic conductance did not increased significantly”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that inhibited root-to-shoot translocation is not directly caused by increasing membrane degradation.
- Outcome
- inhibitions of translocation from roots to shootse0
- Direction
- not directly relatede0
- Qualifier
- increasing membrane degradatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the observed inhibitions of translocation from roots to shoots were not directly related to increasing membrane degradation”
t0“maize”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.