Abstract
Trehalose was supplied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings just before a high temperature (40 °C) treatment and some physiological parameters were measured during the heat stress and recovery. The application of trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of wheat seedlings under the heat stress, but to a small extent increased the dry mass (DM) and leaf water content (LWC) after recovery from the heat stress. The trehalose-induced decrease in PN under the heat stress was not associated with a stomatal response. The heat stress slightly decreased the maximal efficiency of photosystem II (PS II) photochemistry (the variable to maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence ratio, Fv/Fm) similarly in the trehalose treated or non-treated plants. Under the heat stress, the actual efficiency of PS II photochemistry (ΦPSII) and the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open reaction centers (Fv'/Fm') were lower in the trehalose-pretreated seedlings, whereas they were higher after the recovery. The patterns of changes in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) were contrary to those of ϕPS II and Fv'/Fm'. The chlorophyll content was lower, whereas the β-carotene content and the degree of de-epoxidation (DEPS) of xanthophyll cycle pigments were higher in the trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlings under the heat stress. These results suggest that exogenous trehalose partially promotes recovery of wheat by the increase of NPQ, β-carotene content, and DEPS.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate of wheat seedlings under heat stress.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- application of trehalosee0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (PN)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under the heat stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of wheat seedlings under the heat stress, but to a small extent increased the dry mass (DM) and leaf water content (LWC) after recovery from the heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose slightly increased dry mass and leaf water content of wheat seedlings after recovery from heat stress.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of trehalosee0
- Outcome
- dry mass (DM) and leaf water content (LWC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to a small extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of wheat seedlings under the heat stress, but to a small extent increased the dry mass (DM) and leaf water content (LWC) after recovery from the heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The trehalose-induced decrease in photosynthetic rate under heat stress was not associated with a stomatal response.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- trehalose-induced decrease in PNe1
- Outcome
- stomatal responsee1
- Direction
- not associatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of wheat seedlings under the heat stress”
e1“The trehalose-induced decrease in PN under the heat stress was not associated with a stomatal response”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress slightly decreased the maximal efficiency of PS II photochemistry similarly in trehalose-treated and non-treated wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- heat stresse2
- Outcome
- maximal efficiency of photosystem II (PS II) photochemistrye2
- Direction
- slightly decreasede2
- Comparator
- non-treated plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of wheat seedlings under the heat stress”
e2“The heat stress slightly decreased the maximal efficiency of photosystem II (PS II) photochemistry (the variable to maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence ratio, Fv/Fm) similarly in the trehalose treated or non-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under heat stress, trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlings had lower actual PS II efficiency and lower excitation energy capture by open reaction centres.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- trehalose-pretreated seedlingse3
- Outcome
- actual efficiency of PS II photochemistry (ΦPSII) and the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open reaction centers (Fv'/Fm')e3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Qualifier
- Under the heat stresse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of wheat seedlings under the heat stress”
e3“Under the heat stress, the actual efficiency of PS II photochemistry (ΦPSII) and the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open reaction centers (Fv'/Fm') were lower in the trehalose-pretreated seedlings, whereas they were higher after the recovery”
Claim · model-written summary
After recovery, trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlings had higher actual PS II efficiency and higher excitation energy capture.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- trehalose-pretreated seedlingse3
- Outcome
- actual efficiency of PS II photochemistry (ΦPSII) and the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open reaction centers (Fv'/Fm')e3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- after the recoverye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of wheat seedlings under the heat stress”
e3“Under the heat stress, the actual efficiency of PS II photochemistry (ΦPSII) and the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open reaction centers (Fv'/Fm') were lower in the trehalose-pretreated seedlings, whereas they were higher after the recovery”
Claim · model-written summary
The patterns of nonphotochemical quenching in trehalose-treated wheat seedlings were contrary to those of PS II efficiency and Fv'/Fm'.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ)e4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Comparator
- ϕPS II and Fv'/Fm'e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of wheat seedlings under the heat stress”
e4“The patterns of changes in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) were contrary to those of ϕPS II and Fv'/Fm'”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlings under heat stress had lower chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlingse5
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Qualifier
- under the heat stresse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of wheat seedlings under the heat stress”
e5“The chlorophyll content was lower, whereas the β-carotene content and the degree of de-epoxidation (DEPS) of xanthophyll cycle pigments were higher in the trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlings under the heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlings under heat stress had higher beta-carotene content and de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle pigments.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlingse5
- Outcome
- the β-carotene content and the degree of de-epoxidation (DEPS) of xanthophyll cycle pigmentse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- under the heat stresse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of trehalose decreased the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of wheat seedlings under the heat stress”
e5“The chlorophyll content was lower, whereas the β-carotene content and the degree of de-epoxidation (DEPS) of xanthophyll cycle pigments were higher in the trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlings under the heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous trehalose partly promotes recovery of wheat, which the authors attribute to higher NPQ, beta-carotene content and DEPS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- exogenous trehalosee6
- Outcome
- recovery of wheate6
- Qualifier
- by the increase of NPQ, β-carotene content, and DEPSe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“These results suggest that exogenous trehalose partially promotes recovery of wheat by the increase of NPQ, β-carotene content, and DEPS”
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