Abstract
Abstract Drought and rising global temperatures are important factors that reduce wheat production. Trehalose protects the reaction centres and improves photosystem II (PSII) activity under diverse stress conditions. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) plays an important role in protecting PSII under environmental stresses. Our study focused on the effects of exogenous trehalose on the activity of PSII, D1 protein content, plastoquinone (PQ) pool and ATP synthase activity in wheat seedlings under heat and drought stresses to explore the relationship between trehalose and CEF. The results indicated that heat and drought stresses decreased maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (F v /F m ) and electron transport rate of PSII (EFR(II)), whereas the trehalose pretreatment improved photochemical efficiency and electron transport rate of PSII. The trehalose pretreatment stimulated CEF under heat and drought stresses. Furthermore, the proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membrane and ATPase activity increased. The higher ΔpH and ATPase activity played a key role in protecting PSII under stresses. Trehalose pretreatment could reduce inhibition caused by heat and drought stresses on the PQ pool. Thus, our results indicated that photoinhibition in heat‐ and drought‐stressed plants was alleviated by the trehalose pretreatment, which was mediated by CEF and the PQ pool.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Heat and drought reduced maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- heat and drought stressese0
- Outcome
- maximum photochemical efficiency of PSIIe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat and drought stresses decreased maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (F v /F m ) and electron transport rate of PSII (EFR(II))”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat and drought reduced the electron transport rate of PSII.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat and drought stressese0
- Outcome
- electron transport rate of PSIIe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat and drought stresses decreased maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (F v /F m ) and electron transport rate of PSII (EFR(II))”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment improved PSII photochemical efficiency.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the trehalose pretreatment improved photochemical efficiency and electron transport rate of PSII.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment improved PSII electron transport rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- electron transport rate of PSIIe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the trehalose pretreatment improved photochemical efficiency and electron transport rate of PSII.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment stimulated cyclic electron flow under heat and drought.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- CEFe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- under heat and drought stressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trehalose pretreatment stimulated CEF under heat and drought stresses.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane increased.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membranee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membrane and ATPase activity increased.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ATPase activity increased.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ATPase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membrane and ATPase activity increased.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher proton gradient and ATPase activity were interpreted as protecting PSII.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- protecting PSIIe0
- Qualifier
- higher ΔpH and ATPase activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher ΔpH and ATPase activity played a key role in protecting PSII under stresses.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment reduced heat and drought inhibition of the plastoquinone pool.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- inhibition caused by heat and drought stresses on the PQ poole0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trehalose pretreatment could reduce inhibition caused by heat and drought stresses on the PQ pool.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed alleviated photoinhibition to cyclic electron flow and the plastoquinone pool.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- photoinhibitione0
- Qualifier
- mediated by CEF and the PQ poole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photoinhibition in heat‐ and drought‐stressed plants was alleviated by the trehalose pretreatment, which was mediated by CEF and the PQ pool.”
t0“winter wheat”
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