Abstract
High temperature reduces the yield of crops, and exogenous trehalose can improve the stress resistance of plants. However, the mechanism by which trehalose causes phenotypic changes in plants is still unknown. Here we investigated the effects of exogenously supplied trehalose (1.5 mM) during high-temperature stress and subsequent recovery on plant hormones and cell cycle in wheat seedlings. Our results showed that after high-temperature stress, exogenously supplied trehalose reduced the root length, vertical height, leaf area, and leaf length of wheat seedlings, thereby reducing their growth. However, the content of hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), and cytokinin in seedlings pretreated with trehalose and high-temperature stress was lower than that under high-temperature stress alone. Our further experiments showed that the levels of these hormones were affected by genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and decomposition pathways in trehalose-pretreated seedlings. Compared with control plants, the activity of IAA oxidase is also higher. In addition, exogenous trehalose decreased the transcriptional levels of CycD2 and CDC2 (two genes regulating cell cycle progression) under heat stress, and reduced the activity of vacuolar invertase after recovery from heat stress, thereby shortening the cell length. These results indicate that trehalose inhibits wheat growth at high temperature by affecting plant hormone levels and the cell cycle process.AbbreviationsABA, abscisic acid; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; CycD, D-type cyclins; GA3, gibberellin; IAA, auxin; KRP, KIP-related protein; T6P, trehalsoe-6-phosphate; VIN, vacuolar invertase
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose reduced root length, vertical height and leaf area under heat.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlings
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- exogenously supplied trehalosee0
- Outcome
- root length, vertical height, leaf areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenously supplied trehalose reduced the root length, vertical height, leaf area, and leaf length of wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose reduced leaf length under heat.
- Taxon
- wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- exogenously supplied trehalosee0
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenously supplied trehalose reduced the root length, vertical height, leaf area, and leaf length of wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose plus heat lowered abscisic acid and auxin contents compared with heat alone.
- Treatment
- trehalose and high-temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- content of hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin (IAA)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- high-temperature stress alonee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the content of hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), and cytokinin in seedlings pretreated with trehalose and high-temperature stress was lower than that under high-temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose plus heat lowered gibberellin and cytokinin contents compared with heat alone.
- Treatment
- trehalose and high-temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- gibberellin (GA3), and cytokinine0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- high-temperature stress alonee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the content of hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), and cytokinin in seedlings pretreated with trehalose and high-temperature stress was lower than that under high-temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and decomposition affected hormone levels.
- Gene
- genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and decomposition pathwayse0
- Outcome
- levels of these hormonese0
- Qualifier
- trehalose-pretreated seedlingse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the levels of these hormones were affected by genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and decomposition pathways in trehalose-pretreated seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA oxidase activity was higher than in controls.
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control plants, the activity of IAA oxidase is also higher.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose lowered CycD2 transcription under heat.
- Treatment
- exogenous trehalosee0
- Gene
- CycD2e0
- Outcome
- transcriptional levels of CycD2e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under heat stresse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“exogenous trehalose decreased the transcriptional levels of CycD2 and CDC2 (two genes regulating cell cycle progression) under heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose lowered CDC2 transcription under heat.
- Treatment
- exogenous trehalosee0
- Gene
- CDC2e0
- Outcome
- transcriptional levels of CycD2 and CDC2e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under heat stresse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“exogenous trehalose decreased the transcriptional levels of CycD2 and CDC2 (two genes regulating cell cycle progression) under heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose lowered vacuolar invertase activity after heat recovery.
- Gene
- vacuolar invertasee0
- Outcome
- activity of vacuolar invertasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- after recovery from heat stresse0
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“reduced the activity of vacuolar invertase after recovery from heat stress, thereby shortening the cell length.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced invertase activity shortened cell length after heat recovery.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“reduced the activity of vacuolar invertase after recovery from heat stress, thereby shortening the cell length.”
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trehalose · molecular: expression · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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trehalose · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
7 in the opposite direction
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.