Abstract
ABSTRACT Alternaria solani is the causal agent of early blight disease in tomato and is responsible for significant economic losses sustained by tomato producers each year. Because salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal molecule that plays a critical role in plant defense against pathogen invasion, we investigated if the exogenous application of SA would activate systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against A. solani in tomato leaves. The addition of 200 muM SA to the root system significantly increased the endogenous SA content of leaves. Free SA levels increased 65-fold over basal levels to 5.85 mug g(-1) fresh weight (FW) after 48 h. This level of SA had no visible phytotoxic effects. Total SA content (free SA + SA-glucose conjugate) increased to 108 mug g(-1) FW after 48 h. Concomitant with elevated SA levels, expression of the tomato pathogenesis-related (PR)-1B gene was strongly induced within 24 h of the addition of 200 muM SA. PR-1B expression was still evident after 48 h; however, PR-1B induction was not observed in plants not receiving SA treatment. Challenge inoculation of SA-treated tomato plants using conidia of A. solani resulted in 83% fewer lesions per leaf and a 77% reduction in blighted leaf area as compared with control plants not receiving SA. Our data indicate that root feeding 200 muM SA to tomato plants can (i) significantly elevate foliar SA levels, (ii) induce PR-1B gene expression, and (iii) activate SAR that is effective against A. solani.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Root addition of 200 µM SA significantly increased endogenous SA content of leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 200 muM SAe0
- Outcome
- endogenous SA content of leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponically Grown Tomato”
e0“The addition of 200 muM SA to the root system significantly increased the endogenous SA content of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Free SA levels in leaves increased 65-fold over basal levels after 48 h.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 200 muM SAe0
- Outcome
- Free SA levelse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 65-folde1
- Qualifier
- 5.85 mug g(-1) fresh weight (FW) after 48 he1
- Comparator
- basal levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponically Grown Tomato”
e0“The addition of 200 muM SA to the root system significantly increased the endogenous SA content of leaves”
e1“Free SA levels increased 65-fold over basal levels to 5.85 mug g(-1) fresh weight (FW) after 48 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Total SA content increased to 108 mug g(-1) FW after 48 h.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 200 muM SAe0
- Outcome
- Total SA contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 108 mug g(-1) FWe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponically Grown Tomato”
e0“The addition of 200 muM SA to the root system significantly increased the endogenous SA content of leaves”
e2“Total SA content (free SA + SA-glucose conjugate) increased to 108 mug g(-1) FW after 48 h”
Claim · model-written summary
PR-1B gene expression was strongly induced within 24 h of SA addition, and not induced in plants not receiving SA.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 200 muM SAe3
- Gene
- pathogenesis-related (PR)-1Be3
- Outcome
- expressione3
- Direction
- strongly inducede3
- Comparator
- plants not receiving SA treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponically Grown Tomato”
e3“expression of the tomato pathogenesis-related (PR)-1B gene was strongly induced within 24 h of the addition of 200 muM SA”
e4“PR-1B induction was not observed in plants not receiving SA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
PR-1B expression was still evident after 48 h.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- PR-1Be5
- Outcome
- PR-1B expressione5
- Qualifier
- still evident after 48 he5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponically Grown Tomato”
e5“PR-1B expression was still evident after 48 h”
Claim · model-written summary
The SA level used had no visible phytotoxic effects.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- visible phytotoxic effectse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponically Grown Tomato”
e6“This level of SA had no visible phytotoxic effects”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-treated tomato plants had 83% fewer Alternaria solani lesions per leaf than untreated controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 200 muM SAe0
- Interactor
- A. solani
Alternaria solanie7pathogen - Outcome
- lesions per leafe7
- Direction
- fewere7
- Value
- 83%e7
- Comparator
- control plants not receiving SAe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponically Grown Tomato”
e0“The addition of 200 muM SA to the root system significantly increased the endogenous SA content of leaves”
e7“Challenge inoculation of SA-treated tomato plants using conidia of A. solani resulted in 83% fewer lesions per leaf and a 77% reduction in blighted leaf area as compared with control plants not receiving SA”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-treated tomato plants had a 77% reduction in blighted leaf area after A. solani challenge.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 200 muM SAe0
- Interactor
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie7pathogen
- Outcome
- blighted leaf areae7
- Direction
- reductione7
- Value
- 77%e7
- Comparator
- control plants not receiving SAe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponically Grown Tomato”
e0“The addition of 200 muM SA to the root system significantly increased the endogenous SA content of leaves”
e7“Challenge inoculation of SA-treated tomato plants using conidia of A. solani resulted in 83% fewer lesions per leaf and a 77% reduction in blighted leaf area as compared with control plants not receiving SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Root feeding of 200 µM SA is indicated to activate systemic acquired resistance effective against A. solani.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- root feeding 200 muM SAe6
- Interactor
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie7pathogen
- Outcome
- SARe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponically Grown Tomato”
e6“Our data indicate that root feeding 200 muM SA to tomato plants can”
e7“activate SAR that is effective against A. solani”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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See all 6 papers →salicylic acid · physiology: hormones · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.