Abstract
Abstract Alkalinity is a known threat to crop plant growth and production, yet the role of exogenous silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) application has been largely unexplored. Here, we sought to understand the beneficial impacts of Si and SA on tomato seedlings during high-pH (9.0) stress. Results showed that Si- and SA-treated plants displayed higher biomass, chlorophyll contents, relative leaf water and better root system than none-treated plants under alkaline conditions. Both Si and SA counteracted the alkaline stress-induced oxidative damage by lowering the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. The major antioxidant defence enzyme activities were largely stimulated by Si and SA, and these treatments caused significantly increased K + and lowered Na + concentrations in shoot and root under stress. Moreover, Si and SA treatments modulated endogenous SA levels and dramatically decreased abscisic acid levels in both shoot and root. Additionally, key genes involved in Si uptake, SA biosynthesis, the antioxidant defence system and rhizosphere acidification were up-regulated in Si and SA treatments under alkaline conditions. These results demonstrate that Si and SA play critical roles in improving alkaline stress tolerance in tomato seedlings, by modifying the endogenous Na + and K + contents, regulating oxidative damage and key genes and modulating endogenous hormone levels. These findings will help to broaden our understanding regarding the physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with the alkaline soil tolerance in plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon treated seedlings had higher biomass, chlorophyll, leaf water and better roots under alkalinity.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlings
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- biomass, chlorophyll contents, relative leaf water and better root systeme0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under alkaline conditionse0
- Comparator
- none-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si- and SA-treated plants displayed higher biomass, chlorophyll contents, relative leaf water and better root system than none-treated plants under alkaline conditions”
t0“tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid treated seedlings had higher biomass, chlorophyll, leaf water and better roots under alkalinity.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- biomass, chlorophyll contents, relative leaf water and better root systeme0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- none-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si- and SA-treated plants displayed higher biomass, chlorophyll contents, relative leaf water and better root system than none-treated plants under alkaline conditions”
t0“tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon and salicylic acid lowered reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation under alkaline stress.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Si and SAe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Si and SA counteracted the alkaline stress-induced oxidative damage by lowering the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation.”
t0“tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments stimulated antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Si and SAe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant defence enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The major antioxidant defence enzyme activities were largely stimulated by Si and SA”
t0“tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments increased potassium in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoot and roote0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- K +e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these treatments caused significantly increased K + and lowered Na + concentrations in shoot and root under stress”
t0“tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments lowered sodium in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoot and roote0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Na + concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these treatments caused significantly increased K + and lowered Na + concentrations in shoot and root under stress”
t0“tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments modulated endogenous salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Si and SA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- endogenous SA levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si and SA treatments modulated endogenous SA levels”
t0“tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments decreased abscisic acid in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoot and roote0
- Treatment
- Si and SA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si and SA treatments modulated endogenous SA levels and dramatically decreased abscisic acid levels in both shoot and root”
t0“tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments upregulated genes involved in silicon uptake, salicylic acid biosynthesis, antioxidant defense and rhizosphere acidification.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Si and SA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- key genes involved in Si uptake, SA biosynthesis, the antioxidant defence system and rhizosphere acidificatione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“key genes involved in Si uptake, SA biosynthesis, the antioxidant defence system and rhizosphere acidification were up-regulated in Si and SA treatments under alkaline conditions”
t0“tomato seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · physiology: oxidative · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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See all 37 papers →silicon atom · physiology: hormones · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
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salicylic acid · physiology: hormones · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 6 papers →salicylic acid · physiology: water · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
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- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →silicon atom · soil: biology · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.