Abstract
To address the low Ca-induced growth inhibition of tomato plants, the mitigation effect of exogenous Si on tomato seedlings under low-Ca stress was investigated using different application methods. We specifically analyzed the effects of root application or foliar spraying of 1 mM Si on growth conditions, leaf photosynthetic properties, stomatal status, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, ATP activity and content, Calvin cycle-related enzymatic activity, and gene expression in tomato seedlings under low vs. adequate calcium conditions. We found that the low-Ca environment significantly affected (reduced) these parameters, resulting in growth limitation. Surprisingly, the application of 1 mM Si significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, and biomass accumulation, protected photosynthetic pigments, improved gas exchange, promoted ATP production, enhanced the activity of Calvin cycle key enzymes and expression of related genes, and ensured efficient photosynthesis to occur in plants under low-Ca conditions. Interestingly, when the same amount of Si was applied, the beneficial effects of Si were more pronounced under low-Ca conditions that under adequate Ca. We speculate that Si might promote the absorption and transport of calcium in plants. The effects of Si also differed depending on the application method; foliar spraying was better in alleviating photosynthetic inhibition in plants under low-Ca stress, whereas root application of Si significantly promoted root growth and development. Enhancing the photosynthetic capacity by foliar Si application is an effective strategy for ameliorating the growth inhibition of plants under low-Ca stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Low calcium reduced growth and photosynthetic parameters.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlings
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- low-Ca environmente0
- Outcome
- growth limitatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low-Ca environment significantly affected (reduced) these parameters, resulting in growth limitation.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased plant height, stem diameter and biomass under low calcium.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1 mM Sie0
- Outcome
- plant height, stem diameter, and biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 1 mM Si significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, and biomass accumulation”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon protected photosynthetic pigments and improved gas exchange under low calcium.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, improved gas exchangee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protected photosynthetic pigments, improved gas exchange”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e1“the application of 1 mM Si significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, and biomass accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon promoted ATP production.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- ATP productione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoted ATP production”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e1“the application of 1 mM Si significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, and biomass accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon enhanced Calvin cycle enzyme activity and related gene expression.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- activity of Calvin cycle key enzymes and expression of related genese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the activity of Calvin cycle key enzymes and expression of related genes”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e1“the application of 1 mM Si significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, and biomass accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon benefits were more pronounced under low calcium than adequate calcium.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- beneficial effects of Sie0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- adequate Cae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“beneficial effects of Si were more pronounced under low-Ca conditions that under adequate Ca”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon better alleviated photosynthetic inhibition.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar sprayinge0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic inhibitione0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spraying was better in alleviating photosynthetic inhibition in plants under low-Ca stress”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Root silicon significantly promoted root growth and development.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- root application of Sie0
- Outcome
- root growth and developmente0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root application of Si significantly promoted root growth and development”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon may promote calcium absorption and transport.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- absorption and transport of calciume0
- Direction
- promotee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si might promote the absorption and transport of calcium in plants”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon application is proposed to ameliorate growth inhibition under low calcium.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- foliar Si applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhancing the photosynthetic capacity by foliar Si application is an effective strategy for ameliorating the growth inhibition of plants under low-Ca stress.”
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
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