Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2011 through 2013 at the MSU Southern Agricultural Research Center near Huntley, MT, to evaluate the effectiveness of various PRE and POST herbicide programs for kochia control in the absence of a crop. PRE herbicides labeled for corn, grain sorghum, soybean, wheat/barley, and/or in chemical fallow were applied at recommended field-use rates. Acetochlor + atrazine, S -metolachlor + atrazine + mesotrione, and sulfentrazone applied PRE provided ≥91% control of kochia at 12 wk after treatment (WAT). Metribuzin, metribuzin + linuron, and pyroxasulfone + atrazine PRE provided 82% control at 12 WAT. PRE control with acetochlor + flumetsulam + clopyralid, pyroxasulfone alone, and saflufenacil + 2,4-D was ≤23% at 12 WAT. Paraquat + atrazine, paraquat + linuron, and paraquat + metribuzin controlled kochia ≥98% at 5 WAT. POST control with bromoxynil + fluroxypyr, paraquat, tembotrione + atrazine, and topramezone + atrazine treatments averaged 84% at 5 WAT, and did not differ from glyphosate. Control with POST-applied bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole, dicamba, diflufenzopyr + dicamba + 2,4-D, saflufenacil, saflufenacil + 2,4-D, saflufenacil + linuron was 67 to 78% at 5 WAT. Because of the presence of kochia resistant to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides at the test site, cloransulam-methyl was not a viable option for kochia control. In a separate greenhouse study, kochia accessions showed differential response to the POST herbicides (labeled for corn or soybean) tested. Tembotrione + atrazine, topramezone + atrazine, lactofen, or fomesafen effectively controlled the glyphosate-resistant kochia accession tested. Growers should utilize these effective PRE- or POST-applied herbicide premixes or tank mixtures (multiple modes of action) to control herbicide-resistant kochia accessions in the field. PRE herbicides with 8 wk of soil-residual activity on kochia would be acceptable if crop competition were present; however, a follow-up herbicide application may be needed to obtain season-long kochia control in the absence of crop competition.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Acetochlor plus atrazine provided at least 91% kochia control at 12 WAT.
BassiaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetochlor + atrazine, S -metolachlor + atrazine + mesotrione, and sulfentrazone applied PRE provided ≥91% control of kochia at 12 wk after treatment (WAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
S-metolachlor plus atrazine plus mesotrione provided at least 91% kochia control at 12 WAT.
- Treatment
- S -metolachlor + atrazine + mesotrionee0
- Outcome
- control of kochiae0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- ≥91%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S -metolachlor + atrazine + mesotrione, and sulfentrazone applied PRE provided ≥91% control of kochia at 12 wk after treatment (WAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfentrazone provided at least 91% kochia control at 12 WAT.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sulfentrazone applied PRE provided ≥91% control of kochia at 12 wk after treatment (WAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin, metribuzin plus linuron, and pyroxasulfone plus atrazine provided 82% control at 12 WAT.
- Treatment
- Metribuzine0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 82%e0
- Qualifier
- metribuzin + linuron, and pyroxasulfone + atrazinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin, metribuzin + linuron, and pyroxasulfone + atrazine PRE provided 82% control at 12 WAT”
e1“control of kochia at 12 wk after treatment (WAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetochlor plus flumetsulam plus clopyralid, pyroxasulfone alone and saflufenacil plus 2,4-D provided at most 23% PRE control.
- Treatment
- acetochlor + flumetsulam + clopyralide0
- Outcome
- PRE controle0
- Value
- ≤23%e0
- Qualifier
- pyroxasulfone alone, and saflufenacil + 2,4-De0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRE control with acetochlor + flumetsulam + clopyralid, pyroxasulfone alone, and saflufenacil + 2,4-D was ≤23% at 12 WAT”
t0“Kochia Control”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat with atrazine, linuron or metribuzin controlled kochia at least 98% at 5 WAT.
- Treatment
- Paraquat + atrazinee0
- Outcome
- controlled kochiae0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- ≥98%e0
- Qualifier
- paraquat + linuron, and paraquat + metribuzine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat + atrazine, paraquat + linuron, and paraquat + metribuzin controlled kochia ≥98% at 5 WAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Four POST treatments averaged 84% kochia control at 5 WAT and did not differ from glyphosate.
- Treatment
- bromoxynil + fluroxypyre0
- Outcome
- POST controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 84%e0
- Qualifier
- paraquat, tembotrione + atrazine, and topramezone + atrazinee0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POST control with bromoxynil + fluroxypyr, paraquat, tembotrione + atrazine, and topramezone + atrazine treatments averaged 84% at 5 WAT, and did not differ from glyphosate”
t0“Kochia Control”
Claim · model-written summary
Six POST treatments provided 67 to 78% kochia control at 5 WAT.
- Treatment
- bromoxynil + pyrasulfotolee0
- Outcome
- Controle0
- Direction
- Controle0
- Value
- 67 to 78%e0
- Qualifier
- dicamba, diflufenzopyr + dicamba + 2,4-D, saflufenacil, saflufenacil + 2,4-D, saflufenacil + linurone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control with POST-applied bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole, dicamba, diflufenzopyr + dicamba + 2,4-D, saflufenacil, saflufenacil + 2,4-D, saflufenacil + linuron was 67 to 78% at 5 WAT”
t0“Kochia Control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cloransulam-methyl was not viable at the site because kochia resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibitors was present.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Because of the presence of kochia resistant to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides at the test site, cloransulam-methyl was not a viable option for kochia control”
Claim · model-written summary
Kochia accessions differed in response to tested POST herbicides.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kochia accessions showed differential response to the POST herbicides (labeled for corn or soybean) tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Tembotrione plus atrazine, topramezone plus atrazine, lactofen and fomesafen controlled the glyphosate-resistant kochia accession.
- Material
- glyphosate-resistant kochia accessione0
- Treatment
- Tembotrione + atrazinee0
- Outcome
- controlled the glyphosate-resistant kochia accessione0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Qualifier
- topramezone + atrazine, lactofen, or fomesafene0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tembotrione + atrazine, topramezone + atrazine, lactofen, or fomesafen effectively controlled the glyphosate-resistant kochia accession tested”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend effective PRE or POST mixtures with multiple modes of action for resistant kochia.
- Outcome
- utilize these effective PRE- or POST-applied herbicide premixes or tank mixtures (multiple modes of action)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growers should utilize these effective PRE- or POST-applied herbicide premixes or tank mixtures (multiple modes of action) to control herbicide-resistant kochia accessions in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight-week residual PRE herbicides were judged acceptable with crop competition; follow-up herbicide may be needed without it.
- Outcome
- PRE herbicides with 8 wk of soil-residual activity on kochia would be acceptable if crop competition were presente0
- Qualifier
- a follow-up herbicide application may be needede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRE herbicides with 8 wk of soil-residual activity on kochia would be acceptable if crop competition were present; however, a follow-up herbicide application may be needed to obtain season-long kochia control in the absence of crop competition”
The same questions in other papers
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sulfentrazone · control · BassiaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile · control · BassiaResults agree
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fluroxypyr · control · BassiaResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.