Abstract
Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of herbicide tank mixtures for control of sulfonylurea (SU)-resistant and -susceptible kochia biotypes. Kochia control at three growth stages was evaluated for fluroxypyr, dicamba, 2,4-D, bromoxynil, and bromoxynil plus MCPA. Control decreased as kochia size increased, especially at less than full labeled herbicide rates. Treatments containing bromoxynil provided best overall control in the greenhouse but were less effective on larger kochia plants in the field. Dicamba and fluroxypyr provided similar, effective kochia control both in greenhouse and field experiments. 2,4-D did not provide acceptable kochia control regardless of formulation, rate, or application timing. All kochia biotypes responded similarly to non-SU herbicides. In the field, inclusion of an SU herbicide in the treatment generally resulted in no increased R-kochia control above that provided by the non-SU herbicide. R-kochia population dynamics can affect selection of alternative control strategies.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Kochia control declined with increasing plant size, especially below full labeled herbicide rates.
- Organ / stage
- kochia sizee0
- Outcome
- Controle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- less than full labeled herbicide ratese0
BassiaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control decreased as kochia size increased, especially at less than full labeled herbicide rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil treatments gave the best overall greenhouse kochia control.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments containing bromoxynil provided best overall control in the greenhouse”
t0“Control of Sulfonylurea-Resistant Kochia”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil treatments were less effective on larger field kochia.
- Treatment
- bromoxynile1
- Outcome
- effective on larger kochia plantse0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were less effective on larger kochia plants in the field”
e1“Treatments containing bromoxynil”
t0“Control of Sulfonylurea-Resistant Kochia”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba gave effective kochia control in both greenhouse and field experiments.
- Treatment
- Dicambae0
- Outcome
- kochia controle0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Comparator
- fluroxypyre0
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba and fluroxypyr provided similar, effective kochia control both in greenhouse and field experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluroxypyr gave effective kochia control in both greenhouse and field experiments.
- Treatment
- fluroxypyre0
- Outcome
- kochia controle0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Comparator
- Dicambae0
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba and fluroxypyr provided similar, effective kochia control both in greenhouse and field experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D failed to provide acceptable kochia control across formulations, rates and timings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,4-D did not provide acceptable kochia control regardless of formulation, rate, or application timing”
Claim · model-written summary
Kochia biotypes responded similarly to non-SU herbicides.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All kochia biotypes responded similarly to non-SU herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding an SU herbicide generally did not increase field R-kochia control beyond the non-SU herbicide alone.
- Treatment
- inclusion of an SU herbicidee0
- Outcome
- R-kochia controle0
- Direction
- no increasede0
- Comparator
- non-SU herbicidee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field, inclusion of an SU herbicide in the treatment generally resulted in no increased R-kochia control above that provided by the non-SU herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
R-kochia population dynamics may affect selection of alternative control strategies.
Verbatim
e0“R-kochia population dynamics can affect selection of alternative control strategies”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.