Abstract
Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide. In Australia the management of stem rot relies primarily on strategic application of synthetic fungicides. In an attempt to find alternative strategies for the management of the disease, 514 naturally occurring bacterial isolates were screened for antagonism to S. sclerotiorum . Antifungal activity against mycelial growth of the fungus was exhibited by three isolates of bacteria. The bacteria were identified as Bacillus cereus (SC‐1 and P‐1) and Bacillus subtilis (W‐67) via 16S rRNA sequencing. In vitro antagonism assays using these isolates resulted in significant inhibition of mycelial elongation and complete inhibition of sclerotial germination by both non‐volatile and volatile metabolites. The antagonistic strains caused a significant reduction in the viability of sclerotia when tested in a greenhouse pot trial with soil collected from the field. Spray treatments of bacterial strains reduced disease incidence and yielded higher control efficacy both on inoculated cotyledons and stems. Application of SC‐1 and W‐67 in the field at 10% flowering stage (growth stage 4·00) of canola demonstrated that control efficacy of SC‐1 was significantly higher in all three trials (over 2 years) when sprayed twice at 7‐day intervals. The greatest control of disease was observed with the fungicide Prosaro ® 420SC or with two applications of SC‐1. The results demonstrated that, in the light of environmental concerns and increasing cost of fungicides, B. cereus SC ‐1 may have potential as a biological control agent of sclerotinia stem rot of canola in Australia.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Three bacterial isolates showed antifungal activity against mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
- Taxon
- canola
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Brassica napus var. napuse0 - Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen - Outcome
- Antifungal activity against mycelial growth of the funguse1
- Qualifier
- three isolates of bacteriae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide”
e1“Antifungal activity against mycelial growth of the fungus was exhibited by three isolates of bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-volatile and volatile metabolites of the antagonistic bacteria significantly inhibited mycelial elongation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- non‐volatile and volatile metabolitese2
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial elongatione2
- Direction
- inhibitione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide”
e2“In vitro antagonism assays using these isolates resulted in significant inhibition of mycelial elongation and complete inhibition of sclerotial germination by both non‐volatile and volatile metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-volatile and volatile metabolites of the antagonistic bacteria completely inhibited sclerotial germination.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- non‐volatile and volatile metabolitese2
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- sclerotial germinatione2
- Direction
- complete inhibitione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide”
e2“In vitro antagonism assays using these isolates resulted in significant inhibition of mycelial elongation and complete inhibition of sclerotial germination by both non‐volatile and volatile metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
The antagonistic strains significantly reduced the viability of sclerotia in a greenhouse pot trial with field soil.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- antagonistic strainse3
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- viability of sclerotiae3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Setting
- greenhouse pot triale3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide”
e3“The antagonistic strains caused a significant reduction in the viability of sclerotia when tested in a greenhouse pot trial with soil collected from the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray treatments of bacterial strains reduced canola disease incidence on inoculated cotyledons and stems.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledons and stemse4
- Treatment
- Spray treatments of bacterial strainse4
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide”
e4“Spray treatments of bacterial strains reduced disease incidence and yielded higher control efficacy both on inoculated cotyledons and stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray treatments of bacterial strains gave higher control efficacy on inoculated cotyledons and stems.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledons and stemse4
- Treatment
- Spray treatments of bacterial strainse4
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- control efficacye4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide”
e4“Spray treatments of bacterial strains reduced disease incidence and yielded higher control efficacy both on inoculated cotyledons and stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying SC‐1 twice at 7-day intervals gave higher control efficacy than W‐67 in all three field trials over 2 years.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse5
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee5
- Treatment
- sprayed twice at 7‐day intervalse5
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- SC‐1e5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control efficacye5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- in all three trials (over 2 years)e5
- Setting
- in the fielde5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide”
e5“Application of SC‐1 and W‐67 in the field at 10% flowering stage (growth stage 4·00) of canola demonstrated that control efficacy of SC‐1 was significantly higher in all three trials (over 2 years) when sprayed twice at 7‐day intervals”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide Prosaro 420SC gave the greatest control of stem rot disease on canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- fungicide Prosaro ® 420SCe6
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of diseasee6
- Direction
- greateste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide”
e6“The greatest control of disease was observed with the fungicide Prosaro ® 420SC or with two applications of SC‐1”
Claim · model-written summary
Two applications of SC‐1 gave the greatest control of stem rot disease on canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- two applications of SC‐1e6
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- SC‐1e6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control of diseasee6
- Direction
- greateste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide”
e6“The greatest control of disease was observed with the fungicide Prosaro ® 420SC or with two applications of SC‐1”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.