Abstract
Abstract Bacterial and fungal wilts cause considerable yield loss in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentumMill.), and require sustainable control strategies to reduce their incidence. Tomato was inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae(Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerd. et Trappe, and treated with organic and inorganic fertilizers to determine effects on severity of tomato wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum(Smith) and Fusarium oxysporumSchlecht. f. sp. lycopersiciSacc. (Fol) in greenhouse and field studies. In the greenhouse, Folsignificantly increased wilt of control plants relative to compost-fertilized and G. mosseae-inoculated plants. No fruit was produced by inorganically fertilized plants inoculated with R. solanacearum, while few fruit were obtained from Fol-infected plants. In the field tomato plants fertilized with compost made from cassava peel waste and poultry droppings plus 60 kg NPK had the highest survival of over 55%, while only <17% of control plants which received no fertilizer survived. Tomato wilt severity was reduced slightly with G. mosseaerelative to the control. In the field, year and fertilizer significantly affected numbers of fruit. Compost alone significantly increased numbers of fruit and yield relative to controls. Application of an additional 60 kg·ha−1 of urea to compost significantly decreased survival of tomato in the field. Fertilizer treatment and mycorrhizal inoculation increased the vitamin C content of tomato.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium inoculation increased wilt in controls relative to compost fertilized plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Fole0
- Interactor
- Fole0pathogen
- Outcome
- wilt of control plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- compost-fertilizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Folsignificantly increased wilt of control plants relative to compost-fertilized and G. mosseae-inoculated plants”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium inoculation increased wilt in controls relative to G. mosseae inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Fole0
- Interactor
- Fole0pathogen
- Second interactor
- G. mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- wilt of control plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- G. mosseae-inoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Folsignificantly increased wilt of control plants relative to compost-fertilized and G. mosseae-inoculated plants”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganically fertilized tomato inoculated with R. solanacearum produced no fruit.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inorganically fertilizede0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- No fruit was producede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No fruit was produced by inorganically fertilized plants inoculated with R. solanacearum”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fol infected tomato plants produced few fruit.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Fole0pathogen
- Outcome
- few fruit were obtainede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“few fruit were obtained from Fol-infected plants”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost plus NPK produced over 55% tomato survival versus under 17% in unfertilized controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- compost made from cassava peel waste and poultry droppings plus 60 kg NPKe0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- over 55%e0
- Qualifier
- <17%e0
- Comparator
- control plants which received no fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants fertilized with compost made from cassava peel waste and poultry droppings plus 60 kg NPK had the highest survival of over 55%, while only <17% of control plants which received no fertilizer survived”
Claim · model-written summary
G. mosseae slightly reduced tomato wilt severity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- G. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- G. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- Tomato wilt severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato wilt severity was reduced slightly with G. mosseaerelative to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Year and fertilizer significantly affected field tomato fruit number.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fertilizere0
- Outcome
- numbers of fruite0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“year and fertilizer significantly affected numbers of fruit”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost alone significantly increased field tomato fruit number and yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Compost alonee0
- Outcome
- numbers of fruit and yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost alone significantly increased numbers of fruit and yield relative to controls”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 60 kg·ha−1 urea to compost reduced field tomato survival.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- an additional 60 kg·ha−1 of urea to composte0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of an additional 60 kg·ha−1 of urea to compost significantly decreased survival of tomato in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer treatment increased tomato vitamin C content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer treatment and mycorrhizal inoculation increased the vitamin C content of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation increased tomato vitamin C content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer treatment and mycorrhizal inoculation increased the vitamin C content of tomato”
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