Abstract
The relationship of 2,4-D-induced growth aberrations in etiolated soybean seedlings to alterations in nucleic acid and protein metabolism was studied. Cell division and cell elongation were inhibited in the apical region of the hypocotyl and in the epicotyl; cell elongation was inhibited, and radial enlargement was markedly enhanced in the region 0.5-2 cm below the cotyledons; and slight radial expansion was noted in the fully elongated cells of the hypocotyl. Cell divisions, leading to lateral root formation, were initiated in the basal hypocotyl within 12 hr and in the "swollen" zone (B) by 36 hr. Treatment with 2,4-D blocked nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the apical zone (A) of the hypocotyl, with resumption of synthesis occurring somewhat before the recovery of growth. RNA synthesis in response to 2,4-D preceded somewhat the DNA and protein synthesis in other zones of the hypocotyl. The large synthesis of RNA resulted in an increase in the RNA/DNA ratio and a decrease in the protein/RNA ratio. There was a preferential synthesis of r-RNA in response to 2,4-D. The newly synthesized RNA had a normal base composition and size distribution on sucrose-gradient centrifugation. The results are consistent with the view that the herbicidal action of 2,4-D is associated with the renewal of RNA and protein synthesis leading to massive tissue proliferation, disorganized growth, and finally death of the plant.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cell division and elongation were inhibited in the apical hypocotyl and epicotyl after 2,4-D treatment.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- apical region of the hypocotyl and in the epicotyle0
- Treatment
- 2,4-Dt1
- Outcome
- Cell division and cell elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell division and cell elongation were inhibited in the apical region of the hypocotyl and in the epicotyl”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
t1“2,4-D-Induced Growth Aberrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell elongation was inhibited 0.5-2 cm below the cotyledons.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- region 0.5-2 cm below the cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- 2,4-Dt1
- Outcome
- cell elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell elongation was inhibited, and radial enlargement was markedly enhanced in the region 0.5-2 cm below the cotyledons”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
t1“2,4-D-Induced Growth Aberrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Radial enlargement was enhanced 0.5-2 cm below the cotyledons.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- region 0.5-2 cm below the cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- 2,4-Dt1
- Outcome
- radial enlargemente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radial enlargement was markedly enhanced in the region 0.5-2 cm below the cotyledons”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
t1“2,4-D-Induced Growth Aberrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Fully elongated hypocotyl cells had slight radial expansion.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- fully elongated cells of the hypocotyle0
- Outcome
- radial expansione0
- Qualifier
- slighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slight radial expansion was noted in the fully elongated cells of the hypocotyl.”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell divisions for lateral root formation began in the basal hypocotyl within 12 hours.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- basal hypocotyle0
- Outcome
- Cell divisions, leading to lateral root formatione0
- Value
- 12 hre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell divisions, leading to lateral root formation, were initiated in the basal hypocotyl within 12 hr”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell divisions for lateral roots began in swollen zone B by 36 hours.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- "swollen" zone (B)e0
- Outcome
- "swollen" zone (B)e0
- Value
- 36 hre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and in the "swollen" zone (B) by 36 hr.”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D blocked nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the apical hypocotyl zone.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- apical zone (A) of the hypocotyle0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- nucleic acid and protein synthesise0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 2,4-D blocked nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the apical zone (A) of the hypocotyl”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Nucleic acid and protein synthesis resumed before growth recovered.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- resumption of synthesise0
- Qualifier
- somewhat before the recovery of growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with resumption of synthesis occurring somewhat before the recovery of growth.”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
After 2,4-D, RNA synthesis preceded DNA and protein synthesis elsewhere in the hypocotyl.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- other zones of the hypocotyle0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- RNA synthesise0
- Direction
- precedede0
- Comparator
- DNA and protein synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA synthesis in response to 2,4-D preceded somewhat the DNA and protein synthesis in other zones of the hypocotyl.”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA synthesis increased the RNA/DNA ratio.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- RNA/DNA ratioe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- large synthesis of RNAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The large synthesis of RNA resulted in an increase in the RNA/DNA ratio and a decrease in the protein/RNA ratio.”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA synthesis decreased the protein/RNA ratio.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- protein/RNA ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- large synthesis of RNAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The large synthesis of RNA resulted in an increase in the RNA/DNA ratio and a decrease in the protein/RNA ratio.”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D preferentially induced r-RNA synthesis.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- preferential synthesis of r-RNAe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a preferential synthesis of r-RNA in response to 2,4-D.”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Newly synthesized RNA had normal base composition and size distribution.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- normal base composition and size distributione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The newly synthesized RNA had a normal base composition and size distribution on sucrose-gradient centrifugation.”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors associated herbicidal action with renewed synthesis and subsequent tissue proliferation and death.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- massive tissue proliferation, disorganized growth, and finally death of the plante0
- Qualifier
- renewal of RNA and protein synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the herbicidal action of 2,4-D is associated with the renewal of RNA and protein synthesis leading to massive tissue proliferation, disorganized growth, and finally death of the plant.”
t0“Soybean Seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · cytology · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
2,4-D · quality: protein · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.