Abstract
Abstract Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. ‘Ransom'] root elongation under varying concentrations of solution hydrogen (H) and aluminum (Al) was investigated in a vertical split‐root system. Roots extending from a limed and fertilized soil compartment grew for 12 days into a subsurface compartment with solutions adjusted to either different pH values from 3.7 to 5.5 or a factorial combination of pH (4.0,4.6, and 5.2) and Al (0,7.5, 15, and 30 μM) levels. Ionic forms of Al were estimated with GEOCHEM and solution Al was determined with ferron. Boron (B) (18.5 μM) and zinc (Zn) (0.5 μM) were supplied to all solution treatments, in addition to 2000 μM Ca, after preliminary studies at pH 5.2 without Al indicated that their omission inhibited length of tap roots and their laterals in the subsurface compartment. Both H+ and Al inhibited the length of lateral roots more than tap roots. Lateral roots failed to develop on tap roots at pH<4.3 or in treatments with 30 μM Al. Relative tap root length (RRL) among treatments receiving Al correlated with Al as measured by reaction with ferron for 30s. Ferron‐reactive Al was correlated to GEOCHEM‐predicted Al3+ activity (r=0.99). A 50% reduction in RRL occurred with either 2.1 μM Al3+ activity or 4.9 uM ferron‐reactive Al. The absence of shoot and soil‐root biomass differences among solution treatments in the split‐root system indicated that differences in root growth in the subsurface compartment were not directly confounded with differences in top growth.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting boron and zinc inhibited tap-root and lateral-root length at pH 5.2 without aluminum.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- their omissione0
- Outcome
- length of tap roots and their lateralse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- at pH 5.2 without Ale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Boron (B) (18.5 μM) and zinc (Zn) (0.5 μM) were supplied to all solution treatments, in addition to 2000 μM Ca, after preliminary studies at pH 5.2 without Al indicated that their omission inhibited length of tap roots and their laterals in the subsurface compartment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen inhibited lateral-root length more than tap-root length.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- H+e0
- Outcome
- length of lateral rootse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- tap rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Both H+ and Al inhibited the length of lateral roots more than tap roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum inhibited lateral-root length more than tap-root length.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- length of lateral rootse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- tap rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Both H+ and Al inhibited the length of lateral roots more than tap roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral roots failed to develop at pH below 4.3.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pH<4.3e0
- Outcome
- Lateral roots failed to develope0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Lateral roots failed to develop on tap roots at pH<4.3 or in treatments with 30 μM Al.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral roots failed to develop with 30 μM aluminum.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 30 μM Ale0
- Outcome
- Lateral roots failed to develope0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Lateral roots failed to develop on tap roots at pH<4.3 or in treatments with 30 μM Al.”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative tap-root length correlated with ferron-reactive aluminum among aluminum treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- treatments receiving Ale0
- Compound
- Ale0
- Outcome
- Relative tap root length (RRL)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Relative tap root length (RRL) among treatments receiving Al correlated with Al as measured by reaction with ferron for 30s.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferron-reactive aluminum correlated strongly with predicted Al3+ activity.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Ferron‐reactive Al was correlated to GEOCHEM‐predicted Al3+ activity (r=0.99).”
Claim · model-written summary
Al3+ activity of 2.1 μM reduced relative tap-root length by 50%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“A 50% reduction in RRL occurred with either 2.1 μM Al3+ activity or 4.9 uM ferron‐reactive Al.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferron-reactive aluminum of 4.9 uM reduced relative tap-root length by 50%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 4.9 uM ferron‐reactive Ale0
- Outcome
- RRLe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“A 50% reduction in RRL occurred with either 2.1 μM Al3+ activity or 4.9 uM ferron‐reactive Al.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass did not differ among solution treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- solution treatmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot and soil‐root biomass differencese0
- Direction
- absencee0
- Comparator
- solution treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“The absence of shoot and soil‐root biomass differences among solution treatments in the split‐root system”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-root biomass did not differ among solution treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- solution treatmentse0
- Outcome
- soil‐root biomass differencese0
- Direction
- absencee0
- Comparator
- solution treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“The absence of shoot and soil‐root biomass differences among solution treatments in the split‐root system”
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