Abstract
산화질소(nitric oxide: NO) 공여체인 $100{\mu}M$ sodium nitroprusside (SNP)를 배추 잎에 전처리한 후 이어서 $2{\mu}M$ paraquat (PQ)처리 시, PQ에 의해 유도된 산화적 손상에 대한 잎의 내성이 효과적으로 증진되었다. 24 시간 광 배양기간 동안 PQ 단독 처리구 잎에서는 생체량, 엽록소 및 단백질 함량이 현저하게 감소하였으나 PQ 노출 전에 3시간 SNP 전처리로 이들 잎 손상이 의미 있게 완화되었다. 게다가 PQ 처리에 기인된 malondialdehyde (MDA)와 $H_2O_2$ 함량 증가도 SNP 전처리에 의해 유의하게 억제되었다. 잎에서 이들 PQ 독성에 대한 SNP의 방어효과와 관련하여 ascorbate-glutathione 회로 구성 효소의 활성도 변화를 조사하였다. PQ 단독 처리구에서 APX, DHAR 및 GR 효소 활성도는 배양 6시간후에 급격히 감소되어 대조구 잎과 비교 시 각각 대조구의 19%, 50%, 39% 수준의 활성도 값을 보였다. 그러나, 이들 효소 활성도 값 감소는 SNP 전처리에 의해 현저하게 억제되어 6시간 배양 후에 PQ 단독처리구 보다 각각 5배, 2배, 1.5배 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한, 그 이후 24시간 배양 때까지 PQ 단독 처리구보다 계속 높은 활성도를 보이면서 점차로 감소하였다. 이들 결과로부터, PQ에 노출된 배추 잎에서 SNP 전처리에 의한 ascorbate-glutathione 회로의 활성화가 $H_2O_2$의 축적을 억제하며 그로인해 PQ에 의해 유도된 산화스트레스로부터 잎을 방어하는 것으로 생각되었다. 동시에 이 들 결과는 산화질소가 배추 잎에서 PQ 스트레스에 대한 항산화 방어자로서의 역할을 하는 것을 의미한다. Pretreatment of chinese cabbage leaves with $100{\mu}M$ sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, effectively improved their tolerance to subsequent $2{\mu}M$ paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative damage. The fresh weight, and chlorophyll and protein contents in primary leaves treated with PQ alone were noticeably reduced over 24 h light incubation. However, these leaf injury symptoms were significantly alleviated with $100{\mu}M$ SNP pretreatment for 3 h prior to PQ exposure. In additions, the increase of the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and $H_2O_2$ due to PQ exposure were significantly inhibited by SNP pretreatment. Together with the protective effects of SNP against PQ toxicity in leaves, the changes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes activities were examined. In the PQ alone treatment, the activities of APX, DHAR, and GR after 6 h incubation were rapidly reduced and showed 19%, 50% and 39% respectively, compared with those of the control. However, the decreases in these enzyme activities were significantly inhibited by SNP pretreatment. As a result, their activities were higher than those of PQ alone treatment by 5 times, 2 times, and 1.5 times, respectively, at 6 h incubation. Thereafter, these enzymes decrease their activities gradually showing high levels than those of PQ alone. Based on the above results, it can be assumed that the activation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle by SNP pretreatment in chinese cabbage leaves exposed to PQ can prevent $H_2O_2$ accumulation, thereby leading to protection against PQ-induced oxidative stress. Also, these results indicate that NO acts as an protectant against PQ stress in the leaves of chinese cabbage.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
SNP pretreatment improved cabbage leaf tolerance to paraquat oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0 - Treatment
- $100{\mu}M$ sodium nitroprusside (SNP)e0
- Outcome
- tolerance to subsequent $2{\mu}M$ paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of chinese cabbage leaves with $100{\mu}M$ sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, effectively improved their tolerance to subsequent $2{\mu}M$ paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative damage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat alone reduced fresh weight and chlorophyll and protein content over 24 hours.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- PQ alonee0
- Outcome
- fresh weight, and chlorophyll and protein contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- over 24 h light incubatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fresh weight, and chlorophyll and protein contents in primary leaves treated with PQ alone were noticeably reduced over 24 h light incubation.”
e1“chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP pretreatment significantly alleviated paraquat leaf injury symptoms.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- $100{\mu}M$ SNP pretreatment for 3 he0
- Outcome
- leaf injury symptomse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Comparator
- PQ exposuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these leaf injury symptoms were significantly alleviated with $100{\mu}M$ SNP pretreatment for 3 h prior to PQ exposure”
e1“chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP pretreatment significantly inhibited paraquat-induced MDA and hydrogen peroxide accumulation.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- SNP pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and $H_2O_2$e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- PQ exposuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase of the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and $H_2O_2$ due to PQ exposure were significantly inhibited by SNP pretreatment”
e1“chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
After six hours of paraquat alone, APX activity fell to 19% of control.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- PQ alonee2
- Gene
- APXe0
- Outcome
- activities of APXe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of APX, DHAR, and GR after 6 h incubation were rapidly reduced and showed 19%, 50% and 39% respectively, compared with those of the control”
e1“chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress”
e2“In the PQ alone treatment, the activities”
Claim · model-written summary
After six hours of paraquat alone, DHAR activity fell to 50% of control.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- PQ alonee2
- Gene
- DHARe0
- Outcome
- activities of APX, DHAR, and GRe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of APX, DHAR, and GR after 6 h incubation were rapidly reduced and showed 19%, 50% and 39% respectively, compared with those of the control”
e2“In the PQ alone treatment, the activities”
e1“chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
After six hours of paraquat alone, GR activity fell to 39% of control.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- PQ alonee2
- Gene
- GRe0
- Outcome
- activities of APX, DHAR, and GRe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of APX, DHAR, and GR after 6 h incubation were rapidly reduced and showed 19%, 50% and 39% respectively, compared with those of the control”
e2“In the PQ alone treatment, the activities”
e1“chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP pretreatment raised APX activity fivefold over paraquat alone at six hours.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise2
- Treatment
- SNP pretreatmente3
- Gene
- APXe1
- Outcome
- activities of APXe1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5 timese0
- Comparator
- PQ alone treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their activities were higher than those of PQ alone treatment by 5 times, 2 times, and 1.5 times, respectively, at 6 h incubation”
e1“activities of APX, DHAR, and GR”
e2“chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress”
e3“However, the decreases in these enzyme activities were significantly inhibited by SNP pretreatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP pretreatment raised DHAR activity twofold over paraquat alone at six hours.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise2
- Treatment
- SNP pretreatmente3
- Gene
- DHARe1
- Outcome
- activities of APX, DHAR, and GRe1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2 timese0
- Comparator
- PQ alone treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their activities were higher than those of PQ alone treatment by 5 times, 2 times, and 1.5 times, respectively, at 6 h incubation”
e1“activities of APX, DHAR, and GR”
e2“chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress”
e3“However, the decreases in these enzyme activities were significantly inhibited by SNP pretreatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP pretreatment raised GR activity 1.5-fold over paraquat alone at six hours.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise2
- Treatment
- SNP pretreatmente3
- Gene
- GRe1
- Outcome
- activities of APX, DHAR, and GRe1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.5 timese0
- Comparator
- PQ alone treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their activities were higher than those of PQ alone treatment by 5 times, 2 times, and 1.5 times, respectively, at 6 h incubation”
e1“activities of APX, DHAR, and GR”
e2“chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress”
e3“However, the decreases in these enzyme activities were significantly inhibited by SNP pretreatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities remained above paraquat alone levels while gradually declining thereafter.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Outcome
- these enzymes decrease their activities graduallye0
- Direction
- high levelse0
- Comparator
- PQ alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these enzymes decrease their activities gradually showing high levels than those of PQ alone”
e1“chinese cabbage leaves under paraquat-induced oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors inferred that SNP activation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle prevents peroxide accumulation and protects cabbage leaves.
- Taxon
- chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Treatment
- SNP pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- protection against PQ-induced oxidative stresse0
- Qualifier
- activation of ascorbate-glutathione cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle by SNP pretreatment in chinese cabbage leaves exposed to PQ can prevent $H_2O_2$ accumulation, thereby leading to protection against PQ-induced oxidative stress”
The same questions in other papers
sodium nitroprusside · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
sodium nitroprusside · physiology: oxidative · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.