Abstract
The contents of phenolic compounds, protein precipitation capacity (PPC) and in vitro gas production of tropical browse species were evaluated. The stoichiometric relationship between in vitro gas measured on incubation of tannin-containing browses in buffered rumen fluid and calculated from short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was investigated. Crude protein (CP) contents in the browses ranged from 54 to 300 g/kg dry matter (DM). Total phenol (TP), tannins (T) and condensed tannins (TP and T as tannic acid equivalent; CT, as leucocyanidin equivalent) ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively, and PPC from 0 to 1066 μg BSA precipitated/g DM. CP content of browses was negatively correlated with TP, T, CT and PPC. A significant correlation was observed between per cent change in gas production on addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the contents of phenolics ( r = 0.76 for both TP and T). Addition of PEG to tannin-containing browses increased in vitro gas production. PPC was significantly correlated with TP ( r = 0.87; P <0.001), T ( r = 0.83; P <0.001), and CT ( r = 0.41; P <0.05). A good relationship ( R 2 = 0.94; P <0.001) was observed between measured in vitro gas production and that calculated from SCFA. The molar proportions of SCFA were not affected by the inclusion of PEG ( P >0.05). The relationship between in vitro gas measured on incubation of browse leaves and that calculated from SCFA allows prediction of SCFA from gas production.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Browse crude protein content ranged from 54 to 300 g/kg dry matter.
Verbatim
e0“Crude protein (CP) contents in the browses ranged from 54 to 300 g/kg dry matter (DM).”
e1“tropical browse species”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenol content ranged from 17 to 250 g/kg dry matter.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenol (TP), tannins (T) and condensed tannins (TP and T as tannic acid equivalent; CT, as leucocyanidin equivalent) ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively”
e1“tropical browse species”
e2“ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannin content ranged from 7 to 214 g/kg dry matter.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenol (TP), tannins (T) and condensed tannins (TP and T as tannic acid equivalent; CT, as leucocyanidin equivalent) ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively”
e1“tropical browse species”
e2“ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Condensed tannin content ranged from 0 to 260 g/kg dry matter.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenol (TP), tannins (T) and condensed tannins (TP and T as tannic acid equivalent; CT, as leucocyanidin equivalent) ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively”
e1“tropical browse species”
e2“ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Browse protein precipitation capacity ranged from 0 to 1066 μg BSA precipitated/g dry matter.
Verbatim
e0“PPC from 0 to 1066 μg BSA precipitated/g DM.”
e1“tropical browse species”
e2“ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Browse crude protein content was negatively correlated with total phenols, tannins, condensed tannins and protein precipitation capacity.
Verbatim
e0“CP content of browses was negatively correlated with TP, T, CT and PPC.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic contents correlated significantly with gas-production change after PEG addition, at r = 0.76 for total phenols and tannins.
- Taxon
- tropical browse speciese1
- Compound
- contents of phenolicse0
- Outcome
- per cent change in gas productione0
- Value
- r = 0.76e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A significant correlation was observed between per cent change in gas production on addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the contents of phenolics ( r = 0.76 for both TP and T).”
e1“tropical browse species”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG addition increased in vitro gas production from tannin-containing browses.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Addition of PEG to tannin-containing browses increased in vitro gas production.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein precipitation capacity correlated significantly with total phenols at r = 0.87.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“PPC was significantly correlated with TP ( r = 0.87; P <0.001), T ( r = 0.83; P <0.001), and CT ( r = 0.41; P <0.05).”
e1“tropical browse species”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein precipitation capacity correlated significantly with tannins at r = 0.83.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“PPC was significantly correlated with TP ( r = 0.87; P <0.001), T ( r = 0.83; P <0.001), and CT ( r = 0.41; P <0.05).”
e1“tropical browse species”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein precipitation capacity correlated significantly with condensed tannins at r = 0.41.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“PPC was significantly correlated with TP ( r = 0.87; P <0.001), T ( r = 0.83; P <0.001), and CT ( r = 0.41; P <0.05).”
e1“tropical browse species”
Claim · model-written summary
Measured gas production and gas production calculated from short-chain fatty acids had a strong relationship, R² = 0.94.
- Taxon
- tropical browse speciese1
- Outcome
- measured in vitro gas productione0
- Value
- R 2 = 0.94e0
- Comparator
- that calculated from SCFAe0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A good relationship ( R 2 = 0.94; P <0.001) was observed between measured in vitro gas production and that calculated from SCFA.”
e1“tropical browse species”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG did not affect molar proportions of short-chain fatty acids.
- Taxon
- tropical browse speciese1
- Treatment
- inclusion of PEGe0
- Outcome
- molar proportions of SCFAe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The molar proportions of SCFA were not affected by the inclusion of PEG ( P >0.05).”
e1“tropical browse species”
Claim · model-written summary
Gas production could predict short-chain fatty acids for browse leaves.
Verbatim
e0“The relationship between in vitro gas measured on incubation of browse leaves and that calculated from SCFA allows prediction of SCFA from gas production.”