Abstract
A citrus leaf disk bioassay was developed to monitor the susceptibility of citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead), populations to abamectin. Disks from leaves of several citrus cultivars were equally suitable bioassay substrates, and there was no difference in mortality when mites were sprayed directly or exposed to dry abamectin residue. The concentration-response relationship was determined at intervals over 2 yr for a reference population of citrus rust mites that had been maintained in culture and never exposed to acaricides. Three diagnostic concentrations of abamectin were selected based on the response of the reference population and were used to test the susceptibility of 15 populations of mites from commercial citrus groves. Comparisons with the reference population showed reduced levels of susceptibility in some populations. Populations of citrus rust mites from 6 commercial groves were sprayed twice in 1997 with combinations of acaricides designed to exert different intensities of selection pressure from abamectin. None of these populations showed a change in their response to abamectin in pre- and postspray bioassays, although their susceptibility was usually less than that of mites from the susceptible reference population. Biweekly counts of rust mites on fruit in these 6 groves suggested that, relative to groves which received no abamectin or 1 abamectin spray, mite control was not adversely affected in the groves sprayed twice with abamectin. The bioassay method is discussed in relation to factors that affect the interpretation of results from its use, and factors that may affect the development of resistance to abamectin in citrus rust mite populations are presented. This study has provided baseline data with which the results of ongoing tests of the response of citrus rust mite populations to abamectin can be compared.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of several citrus cultivars were equally suitable bioassay substrates.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- equally suitable bioassay substratese0
- Comparator
- several citrus cultivarse0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disks from leaves of several citrus cultivars were equally suitable bioassay substrates”
Claim · model-written summary
Mite mortality did not differ between direct spray and dry abamectin residue exposure.
- Treatment
- sprayed directlye0
- Interactor
- citrus rust mitee1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- dry abamectin residuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no difference in mortality when mites were sprayed directly or exposed to dry abamectin residue.”
e1“citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three abamectin diagnostic concentrations were selected to test mites from 15 commercial citrus groves.
- Interactor
- mitese0pest
- Outcome
- susceptibility of 15 populations of mitese0
- Value
- 15 populationse0
- Comparator
- reference populatione0
- Setting
- commercial citrus grovese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three diagnostic concentrations of abamectin were selected based on the response of the reference population and were used to test the susceptibility of 15 populations of mites from commercial citrus groves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Some mite populations had reduced abamectin susceptibility relative to the reference population.
- Interactor
- citrus rust mitese2pest
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- reference populatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparisons with the reference population showed reduced levels of susceptibility in some populations.”
e1“commercial citrus groves”
e2“reference population of citrus rust mites”
Claim · model-written summary
Mite populations showed no change in abamectin response after two sprays in 1997.
- Treatment
- sprayed twice in 1997 with combinations of acaricidese0
- Interactor
- citrus rust mitese0pest
- Outcome
- response to abamectine0
- Direction
- None of these populations showed a changee0
- Comparator
- pre- and postspray bioassayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations of citrus rust mites from 6 commercial groves were sprayed twice in 1997 with combinations of acaricides designed to exert different intensities of selection pressure from abamectin. None of these populations showed a change in their response to abamectin in pre- and postspray bioassays”
Claim · model-written summary
Field mite control was not adversely affected by two abamectin sprays versus zero or one spray.
- Treatment
- sprayed twice with abamectine0
- Interactor
- citrus rust mitese1pest
- Outcome
- mite controle0
- Direction
- not adversely affectede0
- Comparator
- groves which received no abamectin or 1 abamectin spraye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biweekly counts of rust mites on fruit in these 6 groves suggested that, relative to groves which received no abamectin or 1 abamectin spray, mite control was not adversely affected in the groves sprayed twice with abamectin.”
e1“reference population of citrus rust mites”
Claim · model-written summary
The study supplied baseline data for future citrus rust mite abamectin susceptibility comparisons.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study has provided baseline data with which the results of ongoing tests of the response of citrus rust mite populations to abamectin can be compared.”
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