Abstract
SUMMARY Watermelon is a crop with a high water demand and is frequently grown under conditions of higher than normal root-zone salinity. In the present study, seedlings of watermelon (cv. Fantasy, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai ) were grown either ungrafted or grafted on three rootstocks: Strong Tosa, S1 (both Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata ), or Emphasis ( Lagenaria siceraria ). All the plants were exposed to an NaCl-induced salinity stress (electrical conductivity, EC=2·2, 4·0, or 6·0 dS/m). The vegetative growth of all the plants substantially reduced after 2 weeks of exposure to 6·0 dS/m; however, growth of the plants grafted on Strong Tosa reduced less than that of the others. The leaf water content and specific leaf area (SLA, m 2 /g) decreased with an increasing salinity in grafted plants, but not in ungrafted plants. Salinity induced an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in grafted plants up to two-fold depending on the rootstock, whereas it had no effect on this enzyme activity in ungrafted plants. Leaf Na + concentration increased with increasing salinity in ungrafted and S1 grafted plants, whereas there was no significant leaf Na + accumulation in Emphasis and Strong Tosa grafted plants. Leaf K + concentration was affected by the rootstock but not by salinity, thus, the ability to keep a high K + /Na + ratio was achieved mainly by limiting leaf Na + concentration. The rootstock determined the leaf Cl − accumulation, with lower overall concentrations found if plants were grafted on the S1 rootstock than on Emphasis or ungrafted plants. Salinity significantly decreased the leaf NO 3 − concentration on Emphasis grafted plants only, while the NO 3 − /Cl − ratio was reduced in all the rootstocks. The capacity of Strong Tosa to withstand salt stress better than other tested rootstocks was probably due to the ability to induce anatomical adaptation (SLA) and SOD activity in response to salt stress, and also to the efficiency of Na + exclusion from the shoot.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
At 6·0 dS/m, vegetative growth fell in all watermelon plants after two weeks.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- exposure to 6·0 dS/me0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- after 2 weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vegetative growth of all the plants substantially reduced after 2 weeks of exposure to 6·0 dS/m; however, growth of the plants grafted on Strong Tosa reduced less than that of the others.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong Tosa grafted plants lost less growth than the other plants at high salinity.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- grafted on Strong Tosae0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reduced lesse0
- Comparator
- the otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of the plants grafted on Strong Tosa reduced less than that of the others.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity lowered leaf water content and specific leaf area in grafted plants.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf water content and specific leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- grafted plantse0
- Comparator
- ungrafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf water content and specific leaf area (SLA, m 2 /g) decreased with an increasing salinity in grafted plants, but not in ungrafted plants.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity did not lower leaf water content and specific leaf area in ungrafted plants.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf water content and specific leaf areae0
- Direction
- not ine0
- Qualifier
- ungrafted plantse0
- Comparator
- grafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf water content and specific leaf area (SLA, m 2 /g) decreased with an increasing salinity in grafted plants, but not in ungrafted plants.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased SOD activity up to twofold in grafted plants.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- up to two-folde0
- Qualifier
- depending on the rootstocke0
- Comparator
- ungrafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity induced an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in grafted plants up to two-fold depending on the rootstock, whereas it had no effect on this enzyme activity in ungrafted plants.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity had no effect on SOD activity in ungrafted plants.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- this enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- ungrafted plantse0
- Comparator
- grafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity induced an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in grafted plants up to two-fold depending on the rootstock, whereas it had no effect on this enzyme activity in ungrafted plants.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf sodium rose with salinity in ungrafted watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- Leaf Na + concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- ungraftede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf Na + concentration increased with increasing salinity in ungrafted and S1 grafted plants, whereas there was no significant leaf Na + accumulation in Emphasis and Strong Tosa grafted plants.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf sodium rose with salinity in S1 grafted watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- S1e0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- Leaf Na + concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf Na + concentration increased with increasing salinity in ungrafted and S1 grafted plants, whereas there was no significant leaf Na + accumulation in Emphasis and Strong Tosa grafted plants.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Emphasis grafted plants showed no significant leaf sodium accumulation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Emphasise0
- Outcome
- leaf Na + accumulatione0
- Direction
- no significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant leaf Na + accumulation in Emphasis and Strong Tosa grafted plants.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong Tosa grafted plants showed no significant leaf sodium accumulation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Strong Tosae0
- Outcome
- leaf Na + accumulatione0
- Direction
- no significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant leaf Na + accumulation in Emphasis and Strong Tosa grafted plants.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootstock affected leaf potassium concentration.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- Leaf K + concentratione0
- Qualifier
- affected by the rootstocke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf K + concentration was affected by the rootstock but not by salinity”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity did not affect leaf potassium concentration.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Leaf K + concentratione0
- Direction
- not by salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf K + concentration was affected by the rootstock but not by salinity”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
High leaf potassium-to-sodium ratio was achieved mainly by limiting sodium concentration.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- high K + /Na + ratioe0
- Qualifier
- limiting leaf Na + concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ability to keep a high K + /Na + ratio was achieved mainly by limiting leaf Na + concentration.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
S1 grafted plants had lower leaf chloride than Emphasis or ungrafted plants.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- S1 rootstocke0
- Outcome
- leaf Cl − accumulatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Emphasis or ungrafted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rootstock determined the leaf Cl − accumulation, with lower overall concentrations found if plants were grafted on the S1 rootstock than on Emphasis or ungrafted plants.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced leaf nitrate in Emphasis grafted plants.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Emphasise0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf NO 3 − concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity significantly decreased the leaf NO 3 − concentration on Emphasis grafted plants only”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced the nitrate-to-chloride ratio for all rootstocks.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- NO 3 − /Cl − ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity significantly decreased the leaf NO 3 − concentration on Emphasis grafted plants only, while the NO 3 − /Cl − ratio was reduced in all the rootstocks.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong Tosa salt tolerance was probably linked to anatomical adaptation, SOD induction, and sodium exclusion.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Strong Tosae0
- Outcome
- capacity of Strong Tosa to withstand salt stress bettere0
- Qualifier
- anatomical adaptation (SLA) and SOD activity in response to salt stress, and also to the efficiency of Na + exclusion from the shoote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The capacity of Strong Tosa to withstand salt stress better than other tested rootstocks was probably due to the ability to induce anatomical adaptation (SLA) and SOD activity in response to salt stress, and also to the efficiency of Na + exclusion from the shoot.”
t0“watermelon”
The same questions in other papers
grafting · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results differ
61 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
65 papers more in this group
See all 69 papers →salinity · physiology: water · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
salinity · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · molecular: metabolites · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
salinity · nutrient: content · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.