Abstract
The contents of IAA and flavonoids (Fls) were monitored in developing anthers, in vitro growing pollen tubes, and in the in vivo pollen-pistil system of two petunia ( Petunia hybrida L.) clones, self-compatible and self-incompatible. In both clones, the development of male gametophytes was accompanied by the increase in the IAA (from 10 to 60–70 ng/g fr wt) and Fls (from 2 to 20 mg/g fr wt) contents. In both clones, pollen grain germination was accompanied by a substantial (by 10–30%) increase in the IAA content during the first two hours and Fl content during the first hour. Treatments with IAA and Fls stimulated both in vitro pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth by 25–30%. Male gametophyte germination in vivo, on the pistil surface, was accompanied by the increase in the IAA content from 90 to 200 ng/g fr wt during 8 h, whereas the content of Fl increased from 2 to 3 mg/g fr wt during the first hour and was maintained later at this level. In the pollen-pistil system, IAA and Fls were distributed evenly in the tissues of stigma, style, and ovary. On the basis of data obtained, we concluded that Fls might be endogenous mediators of IAA transport, which is one of the principal regulators of male gametophyte growth and development in the progame phase of fertilization, but are not involved in the mechanism of gametophyte incompatibility.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
IAA content increased from 10 to 60–70 ng/g fr wt during petunia male gametophyte development.
_flowers_in_Westgate_Gardens%2C_Canterbury.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PetuniaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_flowers_in_Westgate_Gardens%2C_Canterbury.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“development of male gametophytes was accompanied by the increase in the IAA (from 10 to 60–70 ng/g fr wt)”
t0“petunia”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid content increased from 2 to 20 mg/g fr wt during petunia male gametophyte development.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fls (from 2 to 20 mg/g fr wt) contents”
e1“development of male gametophytes was accompanied by the increase in the IAA (from 10 to 60–70 ng/g fr wt) and Fls (from 2 to 20 mg/g fr wt) contents”
t0“petunia”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen germination increased IAA content by 10–30% in the first two hours.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pollen grain germination was accompanied by a substantial (by 10–30%) increase in the IAA content during the first two hours”
t0“petunia”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid content rose during the first hour of petunia pollen germination.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fl content during the first hour”
e1“pollen grain germination was accompanied by a substantial (by 10–30%) increase in the IAA content during the first two hours and Fl content during the first hour”
t0“petunia”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA and flavonoid treatment stimulated petunia pollen germination by 25–30%.
- Treatment
- Treatments with IAA and Flse0
- Outcome
- pollen grain germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 25–30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with IAA and Fls stimulated both in vitro pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth by 25–30%”
t0“petunia”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA and flavonoid treatment stimulated petunia pollen tube growth by 25–30%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with IAA and Fls stimulated both in vitro pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth by 25–30%”
t0“petunia”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA content increased from 90 to 200 ng/g fr wt during eight hours of pollen germination on the pistil.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Male gametophyte germination in vivo, on the pistil surface, was accompanied by the increase in the IAA content from 90 to 200 ng/g fr wt during 8 h”
t0“petunia”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid content increased from 2 to 3 mg/g fr wt in the first hour and then stayed at that level.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of Fl increased from 2 to 3 mg/g fr wt during the first hour and was maintained later at this level”
t0“petunia”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA and flavonoids were distributed evenly among stigma, style and ovary tissues.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA and Fls were distributed evenly in the tissues of stigma, style, and ovary”
t0“petunia”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose flavonoids may mediate IAA transport and are not involved in gametophyte incompatibility.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fls might be endogenous mediators of IAA transport, which is one of the principal regulators of male gametophyte growth and development in the progame phase of fertilization, but are not involved in the mechanism of gametophyte incompatibility”
t0“petunia”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Petunia (petunia)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.