Abstract
The production of hard white winter (HWW) wheats ( Triticum aestivum L.) with acceptable protein content and quality over different environments requires the correct combination of genotypes and management practices. The objectives of this study were to evaluate moisture deficit and N management on grain protein and quality of seven HWW and two soft white winter (SWW) genotypes, and to identify genotypes and traits that minimize grain quality variability. Plots were irrigated during grain fill to replace from 100 to <30% of estimated evapotranspiration (ET). Biomass of three genotypes across the irrigation levels was used as an integrated estimation of plant water stress at late grain fill. Biomass reductions under water stress tended to be higher if plots received high N fertilization. Water stress reduced grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight and diameter. Reducing irrigation increased average grain protein content from 116.4 to 128.3 g kg −1 . Nitrogen treatment did not affect grain yield. Additional N increased grain protein content and hardness for all genotypes. Reductions in test weight, and grain weight and diameter were observed under high N fertilization. High N fertilization would increase the numbers of kernels and extend the grain‐fill period, which result in greater water and heat stress. The SWW genotypes had greater reductions in test weight than HWW genotypes with increasing water stress. Among HWW genotypes, late maturing genotypes had larger reductions in test weight than early genotypes. In regions where late season water stress is common, early maturing genotypes are more likely to produce consistent grain quality.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced biomass more under high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- Biomass reductionse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- high N fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass reductions under water stress tended to be higher if plots received high N fertilization”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress reduced grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight and diameter”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced test weight and kernel weight and diameter.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- test weight, and kernel weight and diametere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress reduced grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight and diameter”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation increased grain protein content from 116.4 to 128.3 g kg −1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Reducing irrigatione0
- Outcome
- average grain protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 128.3 g kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 116.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reducing irrigation increased average grain protein content from 116.4 to 128.3 g kg −1”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen treatment did not affect grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen treatment did not affect grain yield”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional nitrogen increased grain protein content and hardness.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Additional Ne0
- Outcome
- grain protein content and hardnesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional N increased grain protein content and hardness for all genotypes”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen reduced test weight, grain weight and diameter.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- test weight, and grain weight and diametere0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in test weight, and grain weight and diameter were observed under high N fertilization”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen was interpreted to increase kernel number and extend grain filling.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- High N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- numbers of kernels and extend the grain‐fill periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N fertilization would increase the numbers of kernels and extend the grain‐fill period”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soft white winter genotypes had greater test weight reductions with water stress than hard white winter genotypes.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SWW genotypese0
- Outcome
- reductions in test weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- HWW genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SWW genotypes had greater reductions in test weight than HWW genotypes with increasing water stress”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Late maturing hard white winter genotypes had larger test weight reductions than early genotypes.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- late maturing genotypese0
- Outcome
- reductions in test weighte0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- early genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late maturing genotypes had larger reductions in test weight than early genotypes”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Early maturing genotypes were recommended for consistent grain quality where late water stress occurs.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- early maturing genotypese0
- Outcome
- consistent grain qualitye0
- Qualifier
- late season water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In regions where late season water stress is common, early maturing genotypes are more likely to produce consistent grain quality”
t0“Wheat”
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See all 2,061 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.