Abstract
Aponogeton madagascariensis produces perforations over its leaf surface via programmed cell death (PCD). PCD begins between longitudinal and transverse veins at the center of spaces regarded as areoles, and continues outward, stopping several cells from these veins. The gradient of PCD that exists within a single areole of leaves in an early stage of development was used as a model to investigate cellular dynamics during PCD. Mitochondria have interactions with a family of proteases known as caspases, and the actin cytoskeleton during metazoan PCD; less is known regarding these interactions during plant PCD. This study employed the actin stain Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin, the actin depolymerizer Latrunculin B (Lat B), a synthetic caspase peptide substrate and corresponding specific inhibitors, as well as the mitochondrial pore inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) to analyze the role of these cellular constituents during PCD. Results depicted that YVADase (caspase-1) activity is higher during the very early stages of perforation formation, followed by the bundling and subsequent breakdown of actin. Actin depolymerization using Lat B caused no change in YVADase activity. In vivo inhibition of YVADase activity prevented PCD and actin breakdown, therefore substantiating actin as a likely substrate for caspase-like proteases (CLPs). The mitochondrial pore inhibitor CsA significantly decreased YVADase activity, and prevented both PCD and actin breakdown; therefore suggesting the mitochondria as a possible trigger for CLPs during PCD in the lace plant. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo study using either caspase-1 inhibitor (Ac-YVAD-CMK) or CsA, following which the actin cytoskeleton was examined. Overall, our findings suggest the mitochondria as a possible upstream activator of YVADase activity and implicate these proteases as potential initiators of actin breakdown during perforation formation via PCD in the lace plant.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
YVADase (caspase-1) activity was higher in the very early stages of perforation formation.
- Taxon
- Aponogeton madagascariensis
Aponogeton madagascariensise2 - Organ / stage
- very early stages of perforation formatione1
- Gene
- YVADase (caspase-1)e1
- Outcome
- YVADase (caspase-1) activitye1
- Direction
- highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Aponogeton madagascariensis produces perforations over its leaf surface via programmed cell death (PCD)”
e1“Results depicted that YVADase (caspase-1) activity is higher during the very early stages of perforation formation, followed by the bundling and subsequent breakdown of actin”
Claim · model-written summary
Actin depolymerization with Lat B caused no change in YVADase activity.
- Taxon
- Aponogeton madagascariensisAponogeton madagascariensise2
- Treatment
- Actin depolymerization using Lat Be3
- Outcome
- YVADase activitye3
- Direction
- no changee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Aponogeton madagascariensis produces perforations over its leaf surface via programmed cell death (PCD)”
e3“Actin depolymerization using Lat B caused no change in YVADase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
In vivo inhibition of YVADase activity prevented PCD and actin breakdown.
- Taxon
- Aponogeton madagascariensisAponogeton madagascariensise2
- Treatment
- In vivo inhibition of YVADase activitye4
- Outcome
- PCD and actin breakdowne4
- Direction
- preventede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Aponogeton madagascariensis produces perforations over its leaf surface via programmed cell death (PCD)”
e4“In vivo inhibition of YVADase activity prevented PCD and actin breakdown”
Claim · model-written summary
The mitochondrial pore inhibitor CsA significantly decreased YVADase activity.
- Taxon
- Aponogeton madagascariensisAponogeton madagascariensise2
- Treatment
- mitochondrial pore inhibitor CsAe5
- Outcome
- YVADase activitye5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Aponogeton madagascariensis produces perforations over its leaf surface via programmed cell death (PCD)”
e5“The mitochondrial pore inhibitor CsA significantly decreased YVADase activity, and prevented both PCD and actin breakdown”
Claim · model-written summary
The mitochondrial pore inhibitor CsA prevented PCD and actin breakdown.
- Taxon
- Aponogeton madagascariensisAponogeton madagascariensise2
- Treatment
- mitochondrial pore inhibitor CsAe5
- Outcome
- PCD and actin breakdowne5
- Direction
- preventede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Aponogeton madagascariensis produces perforations over its leaf surface via programmed cell death (PCD)”
e5“The mitochondrial pore inhibitor CsA significantly decreased YVADase activity, and prevented both PCD and actin breakdown”
Claim · model-written summary
Mitochondria may be a possible trigger for caspase-like proteases during PCD in the lace plant.
Verbatim
e6“suggesting the mitochondria as a possible trigger for CLPs during PCD in the lace plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Actin is likely a substrate for caspase-like proteases (CLPs) during PCD.
- Taxon
- Aponogeton madagascariensisAponogeton madagascariensise2
- Gene
- caspase-like proteases (CLPs)e7
- Outcome
- actin breakdowne7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Aponogeton madagascariensis produces perforations over its leaf surface via programmed cell death (PCD)”
e7“In vivo inhibition of YVADase activity prevented PCD and actin breakdown, therefore substantiating actin as a likely substrate for caspase-like proteases (CLPs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bundling and subsequent breakdown of actin followed the YVADase activity during perforation formation.
- Taxon
- Aponogeton madagascariensisAponogeton madagascariensise2
- Outcome
- bundling and subsequent breakdown of actine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Aponogeton madagascariensis produces perforations over its leaf surface via programmed cell death (PCD)”
e1“Results depicted that YVADase (caspase-1) activity is higher during the very early stages of perforation formation, followed by the bundling and subsequent breakdown of actin”