Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers were exposed to 2 mul/l ethylene and examined at intervals to determine the time course of wilting, decrease in water uptake, and increase in ionic leakage in response to ethylene. A rapid decrease in water uptake was observed about 4 hours after initiating treatment with ethylene. This was followed by wilting (in-rolling of petals) about 2 hours later. Carbon dioxide inhibited the decline in water uptake and wilting and this is typical of most ethylene-induced responses. Ethylene did not affect closure of stomates. Ethylene enhanced ionic leakage, as measured by efflux of (36)Cl from the vacuole. This was judged to coincide with the decrease in water uptake. Gassing flowers with propylene initiated autocatalytic ethylene production within 2.4 hours. Since the increase in ethylene production by carnations preceded the increase in ionic leakage and the decline in water uptake by several hours, it is apparent that the change in ionic leakage does not lead to the initial increase in ethylene production as reported (Hanson and Kende 1975 Plant Physiol 55:663-669) in morning glory but may explain the autocatalytic phase of ethylene production.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene caused a rapid decrease in flower water uptake about four hours after treatment began.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
Dianthus caryophylluse0 - Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- water uptakee1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- about 4 hourse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers were exposed to 2 mul/l ethylene”
e1“A rapid decrease in water uptake was observed about 4 hours after initiating treatment with ethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower wilting followed decreased water uptake about two hours later.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)Dianthus caryophylluse0
- Organ / stage
- petalse1
- Outcome
- wilting (in-rolling of petals)e1
- Value
- about 2 hourse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers”
e1“This was followed by wilting (in-rolling of petals) about 2 hours later”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide inhibited the decline in water uptake.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)Dianthus caryophylluse0
- Treatment
- Carbon dioxidee1
- Outcome
- decline in water uptakee1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers”
e1“Carbon dioxide inhibited the decline in water uptake and wilting”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide inhibited wilting.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)Dianthus caryophylluse0
- Treatment
- Carbon dioxidee1
- Outcome
- wiltinge1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers”
e1“Carbon dioxide inhibited the decline in water uptake and wilting”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene did not affect stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)Dianthus caryophylluse0
- Treatment
- Ethylenee1
- Outcome
- closure of stomatese1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers”
e1“Ethylene did not affect closure of stomates”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene enhanced ionic leakage, measured by vacuolar chloride efflux.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)Dianthus caryophylluse0
- Organ / stage
- vacuolee1
- Treatment
- Ethylenee1
- Outcome
- ionic leakagee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers”
e1“Ethylene enhanced ionic leakage, as measured by efflux of (36)Cl from the vacuole”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased ionic leakage coincided with decreased water uptake.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)Dianthus caryophylluse0
- Outcome
- ionic leakagee2
- Comparator
- decrease in water uptakee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers”
e1“This was judged to coincide with the decrease in water uptake”
e2“Ethylene enhanced ionic leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Propylene gassing initiated autocatalytic ethylene production within 2.4 hours.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)Dianthus caryophylluse0
- Treatment
- propylenee1
- Outcome
- autocatalytic ethylene productione1
- Direction
- initiatede1
- Value
- 2.4 hourse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers”
e1“Gassing flowers with propylene initiated autocatalytic ethylene production within 2.4 hours”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in ethylene production preceded ionic leakage and declining water uptake by several hours.
- Taxon
- carnationsDianthus caryophylluse0
- Outcome
- increase in ethylene productione0
- Qualifier
- by several hourse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in ethylene production by carnations preceded the increase in ionic leakage and the decline in water uptake by several hours”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that ionic leakage does not cause the initial rise in ethylene production.
- Taxon
- carnationsDianthus caryophylluse1
- Outcome
- initial increase in ethylene productione0
- Qualifier
- change in ionic leakagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the change in ionic leakage does not lead to the initial increase in ethylene production”
e1“carnations”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that ionic leakage may explain the autocatalytic phase of ethylene production.
- Taxon
- carnationsDianthus caryophylluse2
- Outcome
- autocatalytic phase of ethylene productione0
- Qualifier
- change in ionic leakagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but may explain the autocatalytic phase of ethylene production”
e1“change in ionic leakage”
e2“carnations”