Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the distribution of overwintering larvae of the European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in com stalks, and to examine the effect of primary tillage and flail mowing of com stalks on mortality of the overwintering population. Approximately 78% of the overwintering population was found in com stalks within 30 cm of the soil surface, and 25% within 7.5 cm. Most larvae found in stalks below the mower blades survived mowing. About 75% of the larvae in the stalks >7.5 cm were killed by the flail mower. Mowing com stalks after com harvest reduced overwintering populations of European com borer up to 85%. Primary tillage such as moldboard plowing or chisel plowing in the fall reduced overwintering populations. Mowing corn stalks combined with primary tillage improved mortality. The highest mortality was achieved by mowing corn stalks after harvest followed by moldboard plowing in the fall or chisel plowing in the spring. Mowing the stalks close to the ground (within 3 cm) resulted in the greatest benefit. Moldboard plowing alone in the fall resulted in mortality of between 29 and 80% depending on whether plow slices were left standing or flipped over. Mowing before moldboard plowing added up to 10% mortality. Chisel plowing in the fall resulted in mortality of up to 75%, whereas mowing before fall chisel plowing added up to 13% mortality. However, if mowing in the fall preceded chisel plowing in the spring, >95% mortality was achieved.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Approximately 78% of overwintering larvae occupied corn stalks within 30 cm of the soil surface.
Not reportedInteractor
Verbatim
e0“Approximately 78% of the overwintering population was found in com stalks within 30 cm of the soil surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-five percent of overwintering larvae occupied corn stalks within 7.5 cm of the soil surface.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“and 25% within 7.5 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Most larvae below mower blades survived mowing.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Most larvae found in stalks below the mower blades survived mowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Flail mowing killed about 75% of larvae in stalks above 7.5 cm.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“About 75% of the larvae in the stalks >7.5 cm were killed by the flail mower”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest stalk mowing reduced overwintering European corn borer populations by up to 85%.
- Taxon
- come0
- Treatment
- Mowing com stalks after com harveste0
- Interactor
- European com borere0pest
- Outcome
- overwintering populations of European com borere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Mowing com stalks after com harvest reduced overwintering populations of European com borer up to 85%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall moldboard plowing reduced overwintering borer populations.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Primary tillage such as moldboard plowing or chisel plowing in the fall reduced overwintering populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall chisel plowing reduced overwintering borer populations.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Primary tillage such as moldboard plowing or chisel plowing in the fall reduced overwintering populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining stalk mowing and primary tillage improved borer mortality.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Mowing corn stalks combined with primary tillagee0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mowing corn stalks combined with primary tillage improved mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing followed by fall moldboard plowing achieved the highest borer mortality.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- mowing corn stalks after harvest followed by moldboard plowing in the falle0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest mortality was achieved by mowing corn stalks after harvest followed by moldboard plowing in the fall or chisel plowing in the spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing followed by spring chisel plowing achieved the highest borer mortality.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- chisel plowing in the springe0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest mortality was achieved by mowing corn stalks after harvest followed by moldboard plowing in the fall or chisel plowing in the spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing stalks within 3 cm of the ground gave the greatest benefit.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Mowing the stalks close to the ground (within 3 cm) resulted in the greatest benefit”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall moldboard plowing alone caused 29–80% mortality depending on plow-slice position.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Moldboard plowing alone in the fall resulted in mortality of between 29 and 80% depending on whether plow slices were left standing or flipped over”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing before moldboard plowing added up to 10% mortality.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Mowing before moldboard plowing added up to 10% mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall chisel plowing caused up to 75% mortality.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Chisel plowing in the fall resulted in mortality of up to 75%”
Claim · model-written summary
Mowing before fall chisel plowing added up to 13% mortality.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“mowing before fall chisel plowing added up to 13% mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall mowing followed by spring chisel plowing achieved over 95% mortality.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“if mowing in the fall preceded chisel plowing in the spring, >95% mortality was achieved”
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