Abstract
In some regions of the world, low annual precipitation necessitates irrigation of crop plants which usually leads to soil salinity. Due to climatic changes this effect is also expected in the countries of Central Europe, and so in Poland. The aim of the study was (1) to compare tolerance to salt stress of Polish Triticum aestivum cvs. ‘Bogatka’ and ‘Banderola’ with T. durum cv. ‘Komnata’ and breeding line 121, and (2) to indicate the physiological parameter/parameters most suitable for such comparison. The investigation was performed in two experiments. In the first one, the germination ability of caryopses and coleoptiles’ growth were estimated at 0–250 mM of NaCl. The second experiment was conducted on plants grown in a glasshouse in saline soil at 0–150 mM of NaCl for 6 weeks. Salt tolerance was evaluated on the basis of following parameters: chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthesis rate (P N), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (g s), cell membrane permeability (EL), proline content, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and relative water content (RWC). Highest germination of caryopses of durum cultivars was recorded at all the salinity levels; however, their coleoptiles were shorter than coleoptiles of bread wheat cultivars. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that applied salt doses did not disturb the light phase of photosynthesis in all cultivars under study. Plants of durum wheat showed the higher dissipation of energy excess at the level of the antenna chlorophyll (DIo/CSm) under salinity as compared to plants of bread wheat. Both ‘Komnata’ and line 121 showed stronger P N reduction as an effect of salinity. A decline of P N was closely connected with a decrease in g s. The P N correlated with a decrease in DW in all studied cultivars except ‘Bogatka’. Control plants of ‘Komnata’ and line 121 were characterized by higher EL and proline level than bread wheat cultivars. An increasing cell membrane permeability correlated with a decrease of RWC in ‘Banderola’ and ‘Komnata’. The content of proline under the increasing salinity correlated with changes of RWC in ‘Banderola’, ‘Komnata’ and line 121, which indicate protectoral role of proline against dehydration of tissue. Dry weight and RWC seem to be the parameters most useful in the salt-tolerance estimation of wheat plants. Taking into account the studied parameters ‘Banderola’ could be recognized as more salt tolerant, the degree of salinity tolerance of ‘Bogatka’ is the same as line 121, while ‘Komnata’ seems to be the most salt sensitive. The salt tolerance of T. aestivum and T. durum depends on the cultivar rather than the wheat species.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Durum cultivars had the highest caryopsis germination across salinity levels.
Verbatim
e0“Highest germination of caryopses of durum cultivars was recorded at all the salinity levels”
e1“Highest germination of caryopses of durum cultivars was recorded at all the salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Durum coleoptiles were shorter than bread wheat coleoptiles.
Verbatim
e0“their coleoptiles were shorter than coleoptiles of bread wheat cultivars.”
t0“durum wheat”
e2“Highest germination of caryopses of durum cultivars was recorded at all the salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt doses did not disturb the light phase of photosynthesis in any cultivar.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- applied salt dosese0
- Outcome
- light phase of photosynthesise0
- Direction
- did not disturbe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applied salt doses did not disturb the light phase of photosynthesis in all cultivars under study.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Durum wheat had higher dissipation of excess energy under salinity than bread wheat.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume0 - Outcome
- dissipation of energy excess at the level of the antenna chlorophyll (DIo/CSm)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under salinitye0
- Comparator
- bread wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants of durum wheat showed the higher dissipation of energy excess at the level of the antenna chlorophyll (DIo/CSm) under salinity as compared to plants of bread wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced net photosynthesis more strongly in Komnata.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both ‘Komnata’ and line 121 showed stronger P N reduction as an effect of salinity.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced net photosynthesis more strongly in line 121.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both ‘Komnata’ and line 121 showed stronger P N reduction as an effect of salinity.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced net photosynthesis was associated with reduced stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- P Ne0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- decrease in g se0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A decline of P N was closely connected with a decrease in g s.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis correlated with dry-weight decreases except in Bogatka.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ‘Bogatka’e0
- Outcome
- DWe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- except ‘Bogatka’e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P N correlated with a decrease in DW in all studied cultivars except ‘Bogatka’.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Control Komnata and line 121 had greater membrane permeability and proline than bread wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ‘Komnata’e0
- Outcome
- EL and proline levele0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bread wheat cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control plants of ‘Komnata’ and line 121 were characterized by higher EL and proline level than bread wheat cultivars.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing membrane permeability correlated with declining relative water content in Banderola and Komnata.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ‘Banderola’e0
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- increasing cell membrane permeabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increasing cell membrane permeability correlated with a decrease of RWC in ‘Banderola’ and ‘Komnata’.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline content tracked relative-water-content changes under increasing salinity in Banderola, Komnata and line 121.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ‘Banderola’e0
- Outcome
- changes of RWCe0
- Qualifier
- increasing salinitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of proline under the increasing salinity correlated with changes of RWC in ‘Banderola’, ‘Komnata’ and line 121”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight and relative water content were judged most useful for salt-tolerance estimation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Dry weight and RWCe0
- Qualifier
- most useful in the salt-tolerance estimatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry weight and RWC seem to be the parameters most useful in the salt-tolerance estimation of wheat plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Banderola was judged more salt tolerant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ‘Banderola’e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerante0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Banderola’ could be recognized as more salt tolerant”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bogatka had similar salt tolerance to line 121.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ‘Bogatka’e0
- Outcome
- degree of salinity tolerancee0
- Direction
- the samee0
- Comparator
- line 121e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degree of salinity tolerance of ‘Bogatka’ is the same as line 121”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Komnata was judged the most salt sensitive.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- ‘Komnata’e0
- Outcome
- salt sensitivee0
- Direction
- moste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Komnata’ seems to be the most salt sensitive.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance depended on cultivar rather than wheat species.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum and T. durumTriticum aestivumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The salt tolerance of T. aestivum and T. durum depends on the cultivar rather than the wheat species.”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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