Abstract
Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of foliar B on seed composition (protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars). Our hypothesis was that since B is involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolism, it may impact seed composition. A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted where half of the soybean plants was exposed to water stress (WS) and the other half was well-watered. Foliar boron (FB) in the form of boric acid was applied twice at a rate of 1.1 kg ha(-1). The first application was during flowering stage, and the second application was during seed-fill stage. Treatments were water stressed plants with no FB (WS-B); water stressed plants with FB (WS+B); watered plants without FB (W-B), and watered plants with FB (W+B). The treatment W-B was used as a control. Comparing with WS-B plants, B concentration was the highest in leaves and seed of W+B plants (84% increase in leaves and 73% in seed). Seeds of W+B plants had higher protein (11% increase), oleic acid (27% increase), sucrose (up to 40% increase), glucose, and fructose comparing with W-B. However, seed stachyose concentrations increased by 43% in WS-B plants seed compared with W-B plants. Cell wall (structural) B concentration in leaves was higher in all plants under water stress, especially in WS-B plants where the percentage of cell wall B reached up to 90%. Water stress changed seed δ(15)N and δ(13)C values in both B applied and non-B applied plants, indicating possible effects on nitrogen and carbon metabolism. This research demonstrated that FB increased B accumulation in leaves and seed, and altered seed composition of well-watered and water stressed plants, indicating a possible involvement of B in seed protein, and oleic and linolenic fatty acids. Further research is needed to explain mechanisms of B involvement in seed protein and fatty acids.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron increased leaf B concentration by 84% relative to water-stressed plants without boron
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe2 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Foliar borone1
- Outcome
- B concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 84%e0
- Comparator
- WS-B plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparing with WS-B plants, B concentration was the highest in leaves and seed of W+B plants (84% increase in leaves and 73% in seed)”
e1“Foliar boron (FB) in the form of boric acid was applied twice at a rate of 1.1 kg ha(-1)”
e2“Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron increased seed B concentration by 73% relative to water-stressed plants without boron
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- Foliar borone1
- Outcome
- B concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 73%e0
- Comparator
- WS-B plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparing with WS-B plants, B concentration was the highest in leaves and seed of W+B plants (84% increase in leaves and 73% in seed)”
e1“Foliar boron (FB) in the form of boric acid was applied twice at a rate of 1.1 kg ha(-1)”
e2“Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron increased seed protein by 11% relative to watered plants without boron
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- Seedse0
- Treatment
- Foliar borone1
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- W-Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of W+B plants had higher protein (11% increase), oleic acid (27% increase), sucrose (up to 40% increase), glucose, and fructose comparing with W-B”
e1“Foliar boron (FB) in the form of boric acid was applied twice at a rate of 1.1 kg ha(-1)”
e2“Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron increased seed oleic acid by 27% relative to watered plants without boron
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- Seedse0
- Treatment
- Foliar borone1
- Outcome
- oleic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- W-Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of W+B plants had higher protein (11% increase), oleic acid (27% increase), sucrose (up to 40% increase), glucose, and fructose comparing with W-B”
e1“Foliar boron (FB) in the form of boric acid was applied twice at a rate of 1.1 kg ha(-1)”
e2“Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron increased seed sucrose by up to 40% relative to watered plants without boron
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- Seedse0
- Treatment
- Foliar borone1
- Outcome
- sucrosee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- up to 40%e0
- Comparator
- W-Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of W+B plants had higher protein (11% increase), oleic acid (27% increase), sucrose (up to 40% increase), glucose, and fructose comparing with W-B”
e1“Foliar boron (FB) in the form of boric acid was applied twice at a rate of 1.1 kg ha(-1)”
e2“Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron increased seed glucose and fructose relative to watered plants without boron
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- Seedse0
- Treatment
- Foliar borone1
- Outcome
- glucose, and fructosee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- W-Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of W+B plants had higher protein (11% increase), oleic acid (27% increase), sucrose (up to 40% increase), glucose, and fructose comparing with W-B”
e1“Foliar boron (FB) in the form of boric acid was applied twice at a rate of 1.1 kg ha(-1)”
e2“Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased seed stachyose by 43% relative to watered plants without boron
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- water stresse1
- Outcome
- seed stachyose concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 43%e0
- Comparator
- W-B plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed stachyose concentrations increased by 43% in WS-B plants seed compared with W-B plants”
e1“half of the soybean plants was exposed to water stress (WS)”
e2“Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell wall boron in leaves was higher under water stress, up to 90% in water-stressed plants without boron
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- Cell wall (structural) B concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- up to 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cell wall (structural) B concentration in leaves was higher in all plants under water stress, especially in WS-B plants where the percentage of cell wall B reached up to 90%”
e1“Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress changed seed delta-15N and delta-13C values in plants with and without foliar boron
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- seed δ(15)N and δ(13)C valuese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress changed seed δ(15)N and δ(13)C values in both B applied and non-B applied plants”
e1“Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron may be involved in seed protein and oleic and linolenic fatty acid content
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Foliar borone2
- Outcome
- seed proteine0
- Qualifier
- possible involvement of Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating a possible involvement of B in seed protein, and oleic and linolenic fatty acids”
e1“Limited information is available on the effects of foliar boron (B) application on soybean seed composition”
e2“Foliar boron (FB) in the form of boric acid was applied twice at a rate of 1.1 kg ha(-1)”
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