Abstract
Abstract Field studies were conducted to determine cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] response to different intensities of drought at different stages of growth to guide programs for the development of improved cultivars and improved management practices for semi‐arid zones. Two cowpea cultivars were subjected to different levels of irrigation using a line‐source sprinkler system in the field on a coarse‐loamy, mixed, thermic Haplic Durixeralf soil during 2 years with contrasting weather patterns. Well‐watered plants were irrigated weekly. In other treatments, water was not supplied during either the vegetative, flowering, or pod filling stages. Dry seed yields of well‐watered treatments were negatively correlated with degree days above 35 C during flowering. Yields of both cultivars were not reduced by drought during the vegetative stage, compared with the weekly irrigated treatment, providing subsequent environmental conditions were conducive to rapid recovery of growth and efficient pod set. Drought during the flowering stage substantially reduced yields, but partial yield recovery was observed where drought caused all flowers to abscise and the subsequent environment, after irrigation was resumed, permitted a new flush of flowers to produce pods. Drought during pod filling substantially reduced yields of both cultivars in both years. Variations in yield due to environmental stresses were mainly due to variations in number of pods/m 2 except for drought during pod filling which resulted in both low pod density and small seed. Yield with abundant water or drought during pod filling appeared to be partially source limited, whereas intermediate levels of drought at other stages may have resulted in sink limitations on yield because these treatments produced the heaviest seed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Well-watered cowpea seed yield was negatively correlated with hot degree days during flowering.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- well‐watered treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Dry seed yieldse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- degree days above 35 C during floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry seed yields of well‐watered treatments were negatively correlated with degree days above 35 C during flowering.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative-stage drought did not reduce yield relative to weekly irrigation if recovery conditions were favorable.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- drought during the vegetative stagee0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- not reducede0
- Qualifier
- providing subsequent environmental conditions were conducive to rapid recovery of growth and efficient pod sete0
- Comparator
- weekly irrigated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of both cultivars were not reduced by drought during the vegetative stage, compared with the weekly irrigated treatment, providing subsequent environmental conditions were conducive to rapid recovery of growth and efficient pod set.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering-stage drought substantially reduced yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Drought during the flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought during the flowering stage substantially reduced yields”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield partly recovered when flowering resumed after drought and irrigation.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- partial yield recoverye0
- Qualifier
- after irrigation was resumede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partial yield recovery was observed where drought caused all flowers to abscise and the subsequent environment, after irrigation was resumed, permitted a new flush of flowers to produce pods.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod-filling drought substantially reduced yield in both cultivars in both years.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Drought during pod fillinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- both cultivars in both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought during pod filling substantially reduced yields of both cultivars in both years.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress-related yield variation was mainly associated with pod density.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- pods/m 2e0
- Outcome
- Variations in yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Variations in yield due to environmental stresses were mainly due to variations in number of pods/m 2”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod-filling drought produced low pod density and small seed.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- drought during pod fillinge0
- Outcome
- low pod density and small seede0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought during pod filling which resulted in both low pod density and small seed.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Abundant water or pod-filling drought appeared partly source limited.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- abundant water or drought during pod fillinge0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Qualifier
- partially source limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield with abundant water or drought during pod filling appeared to be partially source limited”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermediate drought at other stages may have limited yield through sinks.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- intermediate levels of drought at other stagese0
- Outcome
- sink limitations on yielde0
- Qualifier
- heaviest seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intermediate levels of drought at other stages may have resulted in sink limitations on yield because these treatments produced the heaviest seed.”
t0“Cowpea”
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