Abstract
A comparison was drawn between the effect of glyphosate (Roundup Plus), a post-emergence applied herbicide, and Harness GTZ, a pre-emergence applied herbicide, on the culturable fraction of the rhizobacterial communities of genetically modified NK603 glyphosate-tolerant maize. Two different non-selective rich media were used to grow fast-growing culturable bacteria, BHI and NB, as a more accurate estimation of the soil fast-growing culturable bacterial population would be obtained from the results of cultivating in more than one medium. The potential effect was monitored by direct amplification, cloning and sequencing of bacterial DNA encoding 16S rRNA, and high-throughput DNA pyrosequencing of the bacterial DNA coding for the 16S rRNA hypervariable V6 region from bacterial communities grown in the two different media. The estimated relative composition of the culturable maize rhizobacterial population varied considerably in accordance with the growth medium used. Both herbicides do, in fact, affect the maize rhizobacterial communities, glyphosate being, to a great extent, the less aggressive herbicide, regardless of the cultivation medium used. The pyrosequencing analysis of the fast-growing bacterial populations from the different soils represents a useful and invaluable tool to estimate the bacterial biodiversity of the culturable rhizobacteria of agricultural soils.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate (Roundup Plus) was the less aggressive herbicide for maize rhizobacterial communities compared with Harness GTZ, regardless of growth medium.
- Treatment
- glyphosate (Roundup Plus)e5
- Interactor
- rhizobacterial communitiese1symbiont
- Outcome
- maize rhizobacterial communitiese1
- Direction
- less aggressivee1
- Comparator
- Harness GTZe5
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetically modified NK603 glyphosate-tolerant maize”
e1“Both herbicides do, in fact, affect the maize rhizobacterial communities, glyphosate being, to a great extent, the less aggressive herbicide, regardless of the cultivation medium used”
e5“glyphosate (Roundup Plus), a post-emergence applied herbicide, and Harness GTZ, a pre-emergence applied herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Both herbicides affected maize rhizobacterial communities.
- Treatment
- Both herbicidese1
- Interactor
- rhizobacterial communitiese1symbiont
- Outcome
- maize rhizobacterial communitiese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetically modified NK603 glyphosate-tolerant maize”
e1“Both herbicides do, in fact, affect the maize rhizobacterial communities, glyphosate being, to a great extent, the less aggressive herbicide, regardless of the cultivation medium used”
Claim · model-written summary
The estimated relative composition of the culturable maize rhizobacterial population varied considerably between growth media.
- Treatment
- growth medium usede2
- Interactor
- rhizobacterial populatione2symbiont
- Outcome
- estimated relative composition of the culturable maize rhizobacterial populatione2
- Direction
- varied considerablye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetically modified NK603 glyphosate-tolerant maize”
e2“The estimated relative composition of the culturable maize rhizobacterial population varied considerably in accordance with the growth medium used”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrosequencing of culturable fast-growing rhizobacterial populations is a useful tool to estimate their bacterial biodiversity, compared with cloning and sequencing.
- Outcome
- bacterial biodiversity of the culturable rhizobacteriae3
- Qualifier
- useful and invaluable toole3
- Comparator
- direct amplification, cloning and sequencinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetically modified NK603 glyphosate-tolerant maize”
e3“The pyrosequencing analysis of the fast-growing bacterial populations from the different soils represents a useful and invaluable tool to estimate the bacterial biodiversity of the culturable rhizobacteria of agricultural soils”
e4“The potential effect was monitored by direct amplification, cloning and sequencing of bacterial DNA encoding 16S rRNA”
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