Abstract
To characterise the effect of bacterial inoculants (Azospirillum brasilense and Pantoea dispersa) on the response of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to saline stress, plants were exposed to 0, 40, 80 and 120mM NaCl in solution. The effect on plant growth; leaf gas exchange; NO3-, Cl-, K+ and Na+ accumulation; and chlorophyll fluorescence and content were investigated. Total plant DW was reduced significantly by salinity but when inoculants were applied, DW was increased. Inoculated plants showed higher DW accumulation in the roots. Salinity levels up to 80mM NaCl did not affect the net assimilation rate in inoculated plants but 40mM NaCl was enough to reduce this parameter in non-inoculated plants. The leaf area ratio was not modified substantially by inoculation. The leaf Cl- concentration of inoculated plants was reduced at the highest salinity, compared with control plants, and NO3- concentration increased markedly. A higher K+:Na+ ratio was found in inoculated plants. Leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were impaired significantly at moderate, but not low, salinity, the effect of inoculation being enough to maintain higher stomatal conductance under higher stress. The photochemical efficiency of PSII and the relative chlorophyll content were not affected by the inoculants. Thus, the effects of the inoculants on the response to salinity were due mainly to stomatal regulation of photosynthesis rather than effects on biochemical limitations on photosynthesis. These results indicate the benefits of these bacterial inoculants in ameliorating the deleterious effect of NaCl in a salt-sensitive crop like sweet pepper.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced total plant dry weight.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper
Capsicum annuumt0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Total plant DWe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total plant DW was reduced significantly by salinity”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculants increased total plant dry weight.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- inoculantse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee1symbiont - Second interactor
- Pantoea dispersaPantoea dispersae1symbiont
- Outcome
- DWe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when inoculants were applied, DW was increased”
e1“bacterial inoculants (Azospirillum brasilense and Pantoea dispersa)”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants accumulated more dry weight in roots.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Inoculatede0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee1symbiont
- Outcome
- DW accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants showed higher DW accumulation in the roots”
e1“bacterial inoculants (Azospirillum brasilense and Pantoea dispersa)”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Net assimilation rate in inoculated plants was unaffected up to 80mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Salinity levels up to 80mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- net assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- in inoculated plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity levels up to 80mM NaCl did not affect the net assimilation rate in inoculated plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
40mM NaCl reduced net assimilation rate in non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- 40mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- net assimilation ratee1
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- non-inoculated plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“40mM NaCl was enough to reduce this parameter in non-inoculated plants”
e1“net assimilation rate”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not substantially modify leaf area ratio.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- leaf area ratioe0
- Direction
- not modified substantiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area ratio was not modified substantially by inoculation”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation reduced leaf chloride concentration at the highest salinity relative to controls.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- leaf Cl- concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- at the highest salinitye0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf Cl- concentration of inoculated plants was reduced at the highest salinity, compared with control plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation markedly increased leaf nitrate concentration.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse1
- Outcome
- NO3- concentratione0
- Direction
- increased markedlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO3- concentration increased markedly”
e1“leaf Cl- concentration of inoculated plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had a higher K+:Na+ ratio.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- K+:Na+ ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher K+:Na+ ratio was found in inoculated plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate salinity significantly impaired leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- moderatee0
- Outcome
- Leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- impairede0
- Comparator
- lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were impaired significantly at moderate, but not low, salinity”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation maintained higher stomatal conductance under higher stress.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under higher stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation being enough to maintain higher stomatal conductance under higher stress”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculants did not affect PSII photochemical efficiency or relative chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- inoculantse0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency of PSII and the relative chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photochemical efficiency of PSII and the relative chlorophyll content were not affected by the inoculants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute inoculant benefits mainly to stomatal regulation of photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- inoculantse0
- Outcome
- response to salinitye0
- Qualifier
- stomatal regulation of photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects of the inoculants on the response to salinity were due mainly to stomatal regulation of photosynthesis rather than effects on biochemical limitations on photosynthesis”
t0“sweet pepper”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.