Abstract
The application of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) to the non-rosette long-day plant Lemna gibba G3 at concentrations from 0.1 to 100 mg/l did not induce flowering on short days and inhibited flowering on long days at concentrations of 1 mg/l and higher. On both short and long days GA(3) concentrations above 1 mg/l caused a decrease in frond size and fresh and dry weight, but an increase in the rate of frond production and thus an increase in the # VF (number of vegetative fronds). Identical results were obtained when gibberellin A(7) was used instead of GA(3).The addition of the plant growth retardant CCC [(2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] to the culture medium on long days resulted in almost complete inhibition of flowering at 10(-3) M. Vegetative growth was also inhibited to some extent. With CCC at 10(-3) M the simultaneous addition of GA(3) resulted in partial reversal of flower inhibition with 0.3 mg/l GA(3) being optimal. The inhibition of vegetative growth as measured by fresh and dry weight was also partially reversed by GA(3), but the threshold concentration for reversal of flower inhibition was at least 10 times lower than that for inhibition of vegetative growth.These results are interpreted as indicating that gibberellins are important for flowering in the non-rosette long-day plant L. gibba G3, but apparently are present in non-limiting concentrations on short days.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid at 0.1 to 100 mg/l did not induce flowering in Lemna gibba G3 on short days.
- Taxon
- Lemna gibba G3
Lemna gibbae0 - Treatment
- gibberellic acid (GA(3))e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- did not inducee0
- Qualifier
- on short dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) to the non-rosette long-day plant Lemna gibba G3 at concentrations from 0.1 to 100 mg/l did not induce flowering on short days”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid inhibited flowering of Lemna gibba G3 on long days at concentrations of 1 mg/l and higher.
- Taxon
- Lemna gibba G3Lemna gibbae0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid (GA(3))e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- at concentrations of 1 mg/l and highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) to the non-rosette long-day plant Lemna gibba G3 at concentrations from 0.1 to 100 mg/l did not induce flowering on short days and inhibited flowering on long days at concentrations of 1 mg/l and higher”
Claim · model-written summary
On both short and long days GA3 above 1 mg/l decreased frond size and fresh and dry weight of Lemna gibba G3.
- Taxon
- Lemna gibba G3Lemna gibbat0
- Treatment
- GA(3) concentrations above 1 mg/le0
- Outcome
- frond size and fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On both short and long days GA(3) concentrations above 1 mg/l caused a decrease in frond size and fresh and dry weight”
t0“Lemna gibba G3”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 above 1 mg/l increased the rate of frond production and the number of vegetative fronds (# VF) in Lemna gibba G3.
- Taxon
- Lemna gibba G3Lemna gibbat0
- Treatment
- GA(3) concentrations above 1 mg/le0
- Outcome
- rate of frond productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- increase in the # VF (number of vegetative fronds)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA(3) concentrations above 1 mg/l caused a decrease in frond size and fresh and dry weight, but an increase in the rate of frond production and thus an increase in the # VF (number of vegetative fronds)”
t0“Lemna gibba G3”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin A7 gave results identical to GA3 in Lemna gibba G3.
- Taxon
- Lemna gibba G3Lemna gibbat0
- Treatment
- gibberellin A(7)e0
- Outcome
- Identical resultse0
- Comparator
- GA(3)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Identical results were obtained when gibberellin A(7) was used instead of GA(3)”
t0“Lemna gibba G3”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC at 10(-3) M in the culture medium on long days almost completely inhibited flowering of Lemna gibba G3.
- Taxon
- Lemna gibba G3Lemna gibbat0
- Treatment
- addition of the plant growth retardant CCCe0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- almost complete inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- on long dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of the plant growth retardant CCC [(2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] to the culture medium on long days resulted in almost complete inhibition of flowering at 10(-3) M”
t0“Lemna gibba G3”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC also inhibited vegetative growth of Lemna gibba G3 to some extent.
- Taxon
- Lemna gibba G3Lemna gibbat0
- Treatment
- plant growth retardant CCCe0
- Outcome
- Vegetative growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- to some extente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of the plant growth retardant CCC [(2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] to the culture medium”
e1“Vegetative growth was also inhibited to some extent”
t0“Lemna gibba G3”
Claim · model-written summary
With CCC at 10(-3) M, simultaneous addition of GA3 partially reversed the flower inhibition, with 0.3 mg/l GA3 optimal.
- Taxon
- Lemna gibba G3Lemna gibbat0
- Treatment
- simultaneous addition of GA(3)e0
- Outcome
- flower inhibitione0
- Direction
- partial reversale0
- Qualifier
- 0.3 mg/l GA(3) being optimale0
- Comparator
- CCC at 10(-3) Me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With CCC at 10(-3) M the simultaneous addition of GA(3) resulted in partial reversal of flower inhibition with 0.3 mg/l GA(3) being optimal”
t0“Lemna gibba G3”
Claim · model-written summary
The CCC-induced inhibition of vegetative growth, measured by fresh and dry weight, was also partially reversed by GA3.
- Taxon
- Lemna gibba G3Lemna gibbat0
- Treatment
- GA(3)e0
- Outcome
- inhibition of vegetative growth as measured by fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- partially reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibition of vegetative growth as measured by fresh and dry weight was also partially reversed by GA(3)”
t0“Lemna gibba G3”
Claim · model-written summary
The threshold GA3 concentration for reversing flower inhibition was at least 10 times lower than that for reversing the inhibition of vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- Lemna gibba G3Lemna gibbat0
- Outcome
- threshold concentration for reversal of flower inhibitione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- at least 10 timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the threshold concentration for reversal of flower inhibition was at least 10 times lower than that for inhibition of vegetative growth”
t0“Lemna gibba G3”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the results as showing that gibberellins are important for flowering in L. gibba G3 but are present in non-limiting concentrations on short days.
- Taxon
- L. gibba G3Lemna gibbae0
- Compound
- gibberellinse0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellins are important for flowering in the non-rosette long-day plant L. gibba G3, but apparently are present in non-limiting concentrations on short days”