Abstract
When glyphosate is applied to glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops, drift on to off-target sensitive crops may cause injury and mortality. An aerial application drift study was conducted in 2009 to determine biological effects of glyphosate on non-glyphosate-resistant (non-GR) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and non-GR soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Glyphosate at 866 g ae/ha was applied using an Air Tractor 402B agricultural aircraft in an 18.3 m spray swath to crops at the two- to three-leaf stage. Visual plant injury, chlorophyll, shikimate, plant height, and shoot dry weight were determined at one, two, and three weeks after application (WAA) of glyphosate. Biological responses differed between crops as a function of downwind drift distance. For example, at 3 WAA soybean was dead 6 m downwind from the spray swath, whereas cotton sustained 85% visual injury. Plant injury was not observed beyond 25.6 m downwind in soybean and 35.4 m downwind in cotton at 3 WAA. Chlorophyll reduction was higher (80%) in soybean compared with cotton (43%) at 0 m from the edge of the spray at 1 WAA. Shikimate levels 1 WAA decreased from 1518% at 0 m to 209% at 35.4 m downwind in soybean; at the same sampling time shikimate levels in cotton decreased from 464% at 0 m to 0% at 35.4 m. At 35.4 m downwind, shoot dry weight (5–13%) and plant height (6–8%) were reduced in both crops at 3 WAA. The biological response of soybean and cotton to glyphosate drift decreased with increased distance from the edge of spray swath. These biological data suggested that soybean was more susceptible to glyphosate drift than cotton and elevated shikimate level could be used as a sensitive indicator to confirm plant exposure to glyphosate drift.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 m downwind soybean was dead at 3 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- soybean was deade0
- Setting
- 6 m downwinde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 3 WAA soybean was dead 6 m downwind from the spray swath”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 m downwind cotton sustained 85% visual injury at 3 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Outcome
- visual injurye0
- Value
- 85%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton sustained 85% visual injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean injury was absent beyond 25.6 m downwind at 3 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Plant injury was not observede0
- Setting
- beyond 25.6 m downwinde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant injury was not observed beyond 25.6 m downwind in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton injury was absent beyond 35.4 m downwind at 3 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- 35.4 m downwind in cottone0
- Setting
- 35.4 m downwinde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“35.4 m downwind in cotton at 3 WAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean chlorophyll reduction at the spray edge was 80%, higher than cotton.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll reductione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Qualifier
- 43%e0
- Comparator
- cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll reduction was higher (80%) in soybean compared with cotton (43%) at 0 m from the edge of the spray at 1 WAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton chlorophyll reduction at the spray edge was 43%, lower than soybean.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll reductione0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 43%e0
- Comparator
- soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll reduction was higher (80%) in soybean compared with cotton (43%) at 0 m from the edge of the spray at 1 WAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean shikimate levels decreased with downwind distance from 1518% at 0 m to 209% at 35.4 m.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Shikimate levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1518%e0
- Qualifier
- 209%e0
- Setting
- 35.4 m downwinde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shikimate levels 1 WAA decreased from 1518% at 0 m to 209% at 35.4 m downwind in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton shikimate levels decreased with downwind distance from 464% at 0 m to 0% at 35.4 m.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- shikimate levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 464%e0
- Qualifier
- 0%e0
- Setting
- 35.4 me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shikimate levels in cotton decreased from 464% at 0 m to 0% at 35.4 m”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight in both crops was reduced by 5–13% at 35.4 m downwind.
- Taxon
- Soybean and CottonGossypium hirsutumGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 5–13%e0
- Setting
- 35.4 m downwinde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 35.4 m downwind, shoot dry weight (5–13%) and plant height (6–8%) were reduced in both crops at 3 WAA”
t0“Soybean and Cotton”
e1“glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height in both crops was reduced by 6–8% at 35.4 m downwind.
- Taxon
- Soybean and CottonGossypium hirsutumGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6–8%e0
- Setting
- 35.4 m downwinde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 35.4 m downwind, shoot dry weight (5–13%) and plant height (6–8%) were reduced in both crops at 3 WAA”
t0“Soybean and Cotton”
e1“glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean was more susceptible to glyphosate drift than cotton.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- more susceptiblee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean was more susceptible to glyphosate drift than cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated shikimate level could serve as a sensitive indicator of glyphosate drift exposure.
- Taxon
- Soybean and CottonGossypium hirsutumGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- sensitive indicatore0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated shikimate level could be used as a sensitive indicator to confirm plant exposure to glyphosate drift”
t0“Soybean and Cotton”
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glyphosate · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
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21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
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See all 40 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.