Abstract
Energy dispersive X-ray analysis was used to study the element composition of globoids from the cotyledons of Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana seeds and seedlings at various stages of growth. The influence of light and mineral nutrient conditions on changes in globoid composition was also investigated. The element composition of globoids changed markedly during early seedling growth. In both species, regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditions, K decreased markedly, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn generally increased, and P remained relatively constant. There were differences in globoid composition changes between the two species that could be attributed, at least in part, to differences in the Ca content of the mature, dry embryos. In C. andreana, which had a higher initial Ca content, there was a large increase in the Ca content of the globoids during seedling growth and no significant increase in Mn. In C. maxima globoids, there was only a slight increase in Ca, but there was a much larger increase in Fe, Zn, and Mn than occurred in C. andreana. Light conditions alone did not have a significant influence on the changes in globoid composition. Light, in combination with mineral nutrients, resulted in a more rapid degradation of globoids in the later stages of growth. Mineral nutrient conditions affected mostly elements that were initially present in large amounts. There were very large, globoid-like particles present in some later stage samples of both species, from each of the different growth conditions. These particles had element compositions that were consistent with their being composed of phytate. Keywords: Cucurbita, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, globoids, mineral nutrient reserves, large particles.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Globoid element composition changed markedly during early seedling growth in Cucurbita cotyledons.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana
Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0 - Organ / stage
- early seedling growthe0
- Outcome
- element composition of globoidse0
- Direction
- changed markedlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The element composition of globoids changed markedly during early seedling growth”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
In both species, globoid K decreased markedly regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditions.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreanaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0
- Outcome
- Ke2
- Direction
- decreased markedlye2
- Qualifier
- regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In both species, regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditions, K decreased markedly, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn generally increased, and P remained relatively constant”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
In both species, globoid Mg, Ca and Fe generally increased regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditions.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreanaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0
- Outcome
- Mg, Ca, Fee2
- Direction
- generally increasede2
- Qualifier
- regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In both species, regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditions, K decreased markedly, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn generally increased, and P remained relatively constant”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
In both species, globoid Mn and Zn generally increased regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditions.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreanaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0
- Outcome
- Mn, and Zne2
- Direction
- generally increasede2
- Qualifier
- regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In both species, regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditions, K decreased markedly, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn generally increased, and P remained relatively constant”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
In both species, globoid P remained relatively constant regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditions.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreanaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0
- Outcome
- Pe2
- Direction
- remained relatively constante2
- Qualifier
- regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In both species, regardless of light and mineral nutrient conditions, K decreased markedly, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn generally increased, and P remained relatively constant”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in globoid composition changes between the two species could be attributed, at least in part, to differences in the Ca content of mature dry embryos.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreanaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0
- Outcome
- differences in globoid composition changese3
- Qualifier
- differences in the Ca content of the mature, dry embryose3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“There were differences in globoid composition changes between the two species that could be attributed, at least in part, to differences in the Ca content of the mature, dry embryos”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
In C. andreana, which had a higher initial Ca content, globoid Ca content increased largely during seedling growth.
- Taxon
- C. andreanaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanae4
- Organ / stage
- globoidse4
- Outcome
- Ca content of the globoidse4
- Direction
- large increasee4
- Qualifier
- which had a higher initial Ca contente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In C. andreana, which had a higher initial Ca content, there was a large increase in the Ca content of the globoids during seedling growth and no significant increase in Mn”
Claim · model-written summary
In C. andreana, globoid Mn did not increase significantly during seedling growth.
- Taxon
- C. andreanaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanae4
- Outcome
- Mne4
- Direction
- no significant increasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In C. andreana, which had a higher initial Ca content, there was a large increase in the Ca content of the globoids during seedling growth and no significant increase in Mn”
Claim · model-written summary
In C. maxima, globoid Ca increased only slightly.
- Taxon
- C. maximaCucurbita maximae5
- Organ / stage
- globoidse5
- Outcome
- Cae5
- Direction
- only a slight increasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In C. maxima globoids, there was only a slight increase in Ca, but there was a much larger increase in Fe, Zn, and Mn than occurred in C. andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
In C. maxima, globoid Fe, Zn and Mn increased much more than in C. andreana.
- Taxon
- C. maximaCucurbita maximae5
- Outcome
- Fe, Zn, and Mne5
- Direction
- a much larger increasee5
- Comparator
- C. andreanae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In C. maxima globoids, there was only a slight increase in Ca, but there was a much larger increase in Fe, Zn, and Mn than occurred in C. andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
Light conditions alone did not significantly influence the changes in globoid composition.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreanaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0
- Treatment
- Light conditions alonee6
- Outcome
- changes in globoid compositione6
- Direction
- did not have a significant influencee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Light conditions alone did not have a significant influence on the changes in globoid composition”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
Light combined with mineral nutrients produced a more rapid degradation of globoids in later stages of growth.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreanaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0
- Organ / stage
- later stages of growthe7
- Treatment
- Light, in combination with mineral nutrientse7
- Outcome
- degradation of globoidse7
- Direction
- more rapide7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Light, in combination with mineral nutrients, resulted in a more rapid degradation of globoids in the later stages of growth”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nutrient conditions affected mostly the elements that were initially present in large amounts in globoids.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreanaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0
- Treatment
- Mineral nutrient conditionse1
- Outcome
- elements that were initially present in large amountse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mineral nutrient conditions affected mostly elements that were initially present in large amounts”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
Very large, globoid-like particles were present in some later-stage samples of both species under every growth condition.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreanaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0
- Organ / stage
- later stage samplese1
- Outcome
- globoid-like particlese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“There were very large, globoid-like particles present in some later stage samples of both species, from each of the different growth conditions”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”
Claim · model-written summary
The large particles had element compositions consistent with being composed of phytate.
- Taxon
- Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreanaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima subsp. andreanat0
- Compound
- phytatee1
- Outcome
- element compositionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These particles had element compositions that were consistent with their being composed of phytate”
t0“Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita andreana”