Abstract
Abstract The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China, excess nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to this system is a common problem. Four field experiments with four or five N rates were conducted in Beijing City and Henan province to study the optimal N rate for this system. The results of this study clearly indicate that the high rates of fertilization recommended by the quadratic model were less profitable than the lower rates recommended by the LRP and QRP models. The amounts of N in above-ground plant tissue tended to increase with increase in rate of N application but the percentage recovery of N in each increment decreased with each additional increment of fertilizer applied, and higher percentage recoveries were observed in wheat than in corn. Soil nitrate concentrations increased with increasing rates of N application. Average of 30% of the soil mineral N deficit can be accounted for uptake of N by wheat, but linear regression analysis showed no significant relationship between soil mineral N deficit and uptake N by corn. The relationships between soil mineral N deficit and mineral N in the soil before planting indicated that soil mineral N deficits were directly proportional to the amounts of mineral N initially in the soil. Good relationships were observed between relative yields and amounts of mineral N in the soil before planting, and the r 2 values for the relationships with nitrate to 40 cm were similar to those observed with nitrate to 100 cm. The need to sample no deeper than 40 cm increases the practicality of soil testing and adjusting rates of N fertilization.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
High fertilization rates from the quadratic model were less profitable than lower rates from the LRP and QRP models.
- Taxon
- winter wheat and corn
Triticum aestivum
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- high rates of fertilization recommended by the quadratic modele2
- Outcome
- profitablee2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Comparator
- lower rates recommended by the LRP and QRP modelse2
- Setting
- Beijing City and Henan provincee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China”
e2“the high rates of fertilization recommended by the quadratic model were less profitable than the lower rates recommended by the LRP and QRP models”
e3“Four field experiments with four or five N rates were conducted in Beijing City and Henan province”
Claim · model-written summary
Above-ground plant N tended to increase with increasing N application rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- rate of N applicatione4
- Outcome
- amounts of N in above-ground plant tissuee4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Qualifier
- tended toe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China”
e4“The amounts of N in above-ground plant tissue tended to increase with increase in rate of N application”
Claim · model-written summary
The percentage recovery of N in each increment decreased as each additional increment of fertilizer was applied.
- Taxon
- winter wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- each additional increment of fertilizer appliede5
- Outcome
- percentage recovery of N in each incremente5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China”
e5“the percentage recovery of N in each increment decreased with each additional increment of fertilizer applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Percentage recovery of N was higher in wheat than in corn.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Outcome
- percentage recoveriese6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- corne6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China”
e6“higher percentage recoveries were observed in wheat than in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrate concentrations increased with increasing N application rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- increasing rates of N applicatione7
- Outcome
- Soil nitrate concentrationse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China”
e7“Soil nitrate concentrations increased with increasing rates of N application”
Claim · model-written summary
An average of 30% of the soil mineral N deficit is accounted for by N uptake by wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Outcome
- soil mineral N deficite2
- Value
- 30%e2
- Qualifier
- accounted for uptake of N by wheate2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China”
e2“Average of 30% of the soil mineral N deficit can be accounted for uptake of N by wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant relationship was found between soil mineral N deficit and N uptake by corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- soil mineral N deficite2
- Outcome
- uptake N by corne2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“linear regression analysis showed no significant relationship between soil mineral N deficit and uptake N by corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil mineral N deficits were directly proportional to the amounts of mineral N initially in the soil.
- Taxon
- winter wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- amounts of mineral N initially in the soile2
- Outcome
- soil mineral N deficitse2
- Direction
- directly proportionale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China”
e2“soil mineral N deficits were directly proportional to the amounts of mineral N initially in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Good relationships were observed between relative yields and mineral N in the soil before planting.
- Taxon
- winter wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- amounts of mineral N in the soil before plantinge2
- Outcome
- relative yieldse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China”
e2“Good relationships were observed between relative yields and amounts of mineral N in the soil before planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Relationships of soil mineral N with nitrate to 40 cm had r2 values similar to those with nitrate to 100 cm.
- Taxon
- winter wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- nitrate to 40 cme2
- Outcome
- r 2 valuese2
- Comparator
- nitrate to 100 cme2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China”
e2“the r 2 values for the relationships with nitrate to 40 cm were similar to those observed with nitrate to 100 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Sampling no deeper than 40 cm is recommended for soil testing and N rate adjustment.
- Taxon
- winter wheat and cornTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- sample no deeper than 40 cme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The sequential growth of winter wheat and corn within one year is the main cropping rotation system in northern China”
e2“The need to sample no deeper than 40 cm increases the practicality of soil testing and adjusting rates of N fertilization”
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See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.