Abstract
Japanese bindweed was found to be one of the most abundant and most difficult-to-control weed species during a 2-yr weed survey in more than 100 winter wheat fields in the North China Plain region. Multivariate data analysis showed that Japanese bindweed is most abundant at sites with comparative low nitrogen (N) fertilization intensities and low crop densities. To gain deeper insights into the biology of Japanese bindweed under various N fertilization intensities, winter wheat seeding rates, herbicide treatments, and their interactions, a 2-yr field experiment was performed. In nonfertilized plots, a herbicide efficacy (based on density reduction) of 22% for 2,4-D, and of 25% for tribenuron-methyl was found. The maximum herbicide efficacy in N min -fertilized plots (target N value based on expected crop yield minus soil mineral nitrogen content, ) was 32% for 2,4-D and 34% for tribenuron-methyl. In plots fertilized according to the farmer's practices, a maximum herbicide efficacy of 72% for 2,4-D and of 64% for tribenuron-methyl could be observed. Furthermore, medium and high seeding rates improved the herbicide efficacy by at least 39% for tribenuron-methyl and 44% for 2,4-D compared to the low seeding rate. Winter wheat yield was not significantly affected by seeding rate itself, whereas at low and medium seeding rates, N min fertilization was decreasing winter wheat yield significantly compared to the farmer's usual fertilization practice. At the highest seeding rate, N min fertilization resulted in equal yields compared to the farmer's practices of fertilization.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Japanese bindweed was among the most abundant and difficult weeds in wheat fields.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- Japanese bindweede0weed
- Outcome
- Japanese bindweed was found to be one of the most abundant and most difficult-to-control weed speciese0
- Setting
- North China Plain regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Japanese bindweed was found to be one of the most abundant and most difficult-to-control weed species during a 2-yr weed survey in more than 100 winter wheat fields in the North China Plain region”
Claim · model-written summary
Bindweed was most abundant at lower nitrogen fertilization and crop densities.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- low nitrogen (N) fertilization intensitiese0
- Interactor
- Japanese bindweede0weed
- Outcome
- Japanese bindweed is most abundante0
- Direction
- most abundante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Japanese bindweed is most abundant at sites with comparative low nitrogen (N) fertilization intensities and low crop densities”
e1“winter wheat fields”
Claim · model-written summary
In unfertilized plots, 2,4-D reduced bindweed density by 22%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Japanese bindweede1weed
- Outcome
- density reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In nonfertilized plots, a herbicide efficacy (based on density reduction) of 22% for 2,4-D”
e1“Japanese bindweed was found”
e2“winter wheat fields”
Claim · model-written summary
In unfertilized plots, tribenuron-methyl reduced bindweed density by 25%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- tribenuron-methyle0
- Interactor
- Japanese bindweede1weed
- Outcome
- density reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In nonfertilized plots, a herbicide efficacy (based on density reduction) of 22% for 2,4-D, and of 25% for tribenuron-methyl”
e1“Japanese bindweed was found”
e2“winter wheat fields”
Claim · model-written summary
At N min fertilization, 2,4-D reached 32% weed control efficacy.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Japanese bindweede1weed
- Outcome
- herbicide efficacye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Qualifier
- N min -fertilized plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum herbicide efficacy in N min -fertilized plots (target N value based on expected crop yield minus soil mineral nitrogen content, ) was 32% for 2,4-D”
e1“Japanese bindweed was found”
e2“winter wheat fields”
Claim · model-written summary
At N min fertilization, tribenuron-methyl reached 34% weed control efficacy.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- tribenuron-methyle0
- Interactor
- Japanese bindweede1weed
- Outcome
- herbicide efficacye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 34%e0
- Qualifier
- N min -fertilized plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum herbicide efficacy in N min -fertilized plots (target N value based on expected crop yield minus soil mineral nitrogen content, ) was 32% for 2,4-D and 34% for tribenuron-methyl”
e1“Japanese bindweed was found”
e2“winter wheat fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Under farmer fertilization, 2,4-D reached 72% efficacy.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Japanese bindweede1weed
- Outcome
- herbicide efficacye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Qualifier
- fertilized according to the farmer's practicese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plots fertilized according to the farmer's practices, a maximum herbicide efficacy of 72% for 2,4-D”
e1“Japanese bindweed was found”
e2“winter wheat fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Under farmer fertilization, tribenuron-methyl reached 64% efficacy.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- tribenuron-methyle0
- Interactor
- Japanese bindweede1weed
- Outcome
- herbicide efficacye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 64%e0
- Qualifier
- fertilized according to the farmer's practicese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plots fertilized according to the farmer's practices, a maximum herbicide efficacy of 72% for 2,4-D and of 64% for tribenuron-methyl could be observed”
e1“Japanese bindweed was found”
e2“winter wheat fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium and high seeding rates improved tribenuron-methyl efficacy by at least 39%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- medium and high seeding ratese0
- Interactor
- Japanese bindweede1weed
- Outcome
- herbicide efficacye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- at least 39%e0
- Qualifier
- tribenuron-methyle0
- Comparator
- low seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“medium and high seeding rates improved the herbicide efficacy by at least 39% for tribenuron-methyl and 44% for 2,4-D compared to the low seeding rate”
e1“Japanese bindweed was found”
e2“winter wheat fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium and high seeding rates improved 2,4-D efficacy by at least 44%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- medium and high seeding ratese0
- Interactor
- Japanese bindweede1weed
- Outcome
- herbicide efficacye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Qualifier
- 2,4-De0
- Comparator
- low seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“medium and high seeding rates improved the herbicide efficacy by at least 39% for tribenuron-methyl and 44% for 2,4-D compared to the low seeding rate”
e1“Japanese bindweed was found”
e2“winter wheat fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeding rate itself did not significantly affect wheat yield.
- Taxon
- Winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat yield was not significantly affected by seeding rate itself”
Claim · model-written summary
At low and medium seeding rates, N min fertilization significantly decreased wheat yield compared with farmer practice.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N min fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- winter wheat yielde0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- at low and medium seeding ratese0
- Comparator
- farmer's usual fertilization practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at low and medium seeding rates, N min fertilization was decreasing winter wheat yield significantly compared to the farmer's usual fertilization practice”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest seeding rate, N min fertilization produced equal wheat yield to farmer practice.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- N min fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- equale0
- Qualifier
- At the highest seeding ratee0
- Comparator
- farmer's practices of fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the highest seeding rate, N min fertilization resulted in equal yields compared to the farmer's practices of fertilization”
e1“winter wheat yield”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →tribenuron methyl · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
322 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3,115 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3,434 papers more in this group
See all 3,438 papers →density · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.