Abstract
Fusarium head blight has been more severe when infection occurs during anthesis, indicating that floral organs may be important infection courts. Choline acetate and glycinebetaine have been extracted from wheat and reported to be growth stimulants of Fusarium graminearum. They are hypothesized to enhance infection and tissue colonization. Growth of F. graminearum was examined on media amended with extracts from floral parts of nine wheat genotypes with various Fusarium head blight resistance levels. Results indicated no significant effect of anther, palea, or lemma extracts on radial growth when compared with unamended controls. Effects on spore germination and hyphal growth of F. graminearum by choline, betaine, and an equimolar mixture at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1,000 μM also were examined. Spore germination was not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by choline, betaine, or a combination of the compounds compared with unamended controls. Radial hyphal growth also was not consistently affected (P ≤ 0.05) by choline or betaine when compared with controls. Equimolar mixtures of the two compounds showed significant slight reduction in growth rate at higher concentrations when compared with controls. The reduction in growth rate was due to higher concentrations of betaine. Results of this study indicate that endogenous compounds in floral parts may not be associated with wheat resistance to F. graminearum.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Anther, palea or lemma extracts from wheat florets had no significant effect on radial growth of F. graminearum compared with unamended controls.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- nine wheat genotypese1
- Treatment
- anther, palea, or lemma extractse2
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume1pathogen - Outcome
- radial growthe2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Comparator
- unamended controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Growth of F. graminearum was examined on media amended with extracts from floral parts of nine wheat genotypes”
e2“Results indicated no significant effect of anther, palea, or lemma extracts on radial growth when compared with unamended controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Choline, betaine and their combination did not significantly affect spore germination of F. graminearum compared with unamended controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- choline, betaine, or a combination of the compoundse3
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- Spore germinatione3
- Direction
- not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affectede3
- Comparator
- unamended controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of F. graminearum was examined on media amended with extracts from floral parts of nine wheat genotypes”
e3“Spore germination was not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by choline, betaine, or a combination of the compounds compared with unamended controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Choline or betaine did not consistently affect radial hyphal growth of F. graminearum compared with controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- choline or betainee4
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- Radial hyphal growthe4
- Direction
- not consistently affectede4
- Comparator
- controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of F. graminearum was examined on media amended with extracts from floral parts of nine wheat genotypes”
e4“Radial hyphal growth also was not consistently affected (P ≤ 0.05) by choline or betaine when compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Equimolar mixtures of choline and betaine gave a significant slight reduction in growth rate of F. graminearum at higher concentrations compared with controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Equimolar mixtures of the two compoundse5
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- growth ratee5
- Direction
- slight reductione5
- Qualifier
- at higher concentrationse5
- Comparator
- controlse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of F. graminearum was examined on media amended with extracts from floral parts of nine wheat genotypes”
e5“Equimolar mixtures of the two compounds showed significant slight reduction in growth rate at higher concentrations when compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction in growth rate of F. graminearum was due to higher concentrations of betaine.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Compound
- betainee6
- Outcome
- reduction in growth ratee6
- Qualifier
- higher concentrationse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of F. graminearum was examined on media amended with extracts from floral parts of nine wheat genotypes”
e6“The reduction in growth rate was due to higher concentrations of betaine”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous compounds in floral parts may not be associated with wheat resistance to F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume7pathogen
- Compound
- endogenous compounds in floral partse7
- Outcome
- wheat resistance to F. graminearume7
- Direction
- not be associatede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“endogenous compounds in floral parts may not be associated with wheat resistance to F. graminearum”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.