Abstract
Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients. Etiolated fronds, with root primordia that failed to elongate, were produced at about one-sixth of the rate in light. Lemna could not utilize nitrate, ammonium, or urea as heterotrophic nitrogen sources, nor were supplements of acetate, pyruvate, malate, fumarate, succinate, or citrate beneficial in the presence of sucrose. No single amino acid, of 23 tested in a medium containing sucrose plus yeast extract, was as effective as casein hydrolyzate. At suitable concentration, DL-phenylalanine, β-alanine, DL-isoleucine, DL-methionine, and DL-aminobutyric acid were utilized for growth without harmful effects, but other amino acids were either injurious or without effect. Frond development was more normal at low nitrate concentration, but potassium concentration had to be proportionately reduced to avoid inhibition. Growth was not limited by the concentration of other major elements, minor elements, or the degree of aeration. Sucrose feeding and increased photosynthesis had additive rather than competitive effects upon accumulation of growth factors in plants transferred from light to darkness. Spirodela oligorrhiza Kurtz, utilized nitrate heterotrophically to a limited extent. Albino maize was grown to the stage of ear formation by feeding sucrose to the leaves and nitrate to the roots. Growth was not promoted, however, by corn seed diffusate, coconut milk, or ammonium plus casein hydrolyzate supplied to the leaves. Albino barley fed sucrose through the leaves did not grow beyond the seedling stage. The heterotrophic requirements reported for various plants, plant organs, and tissues are compared, and the existence of two mechanisms of nitrate assimilation, one of which requires light, is discussed.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Etiolated Lemna minor fronds were produced at about one-sixth the rate in light.
- Taxon
- Lemna minor
Lemna minore1 - Treatment
- in darknesse1
- Outcome
- Etiolated frondse2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- one-sixthe2
- Comparator
- in lighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients”
e2“Etiolated fronds, with root primordia that failed to elongate, were produced at about one-sixth of the rate in light”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemna could not use nitrate, ammonium or urea as heterotrophic nitrogen sources.
LemnaNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Lemna could not utilize nitrate, ammonium, or urea as heterotrophic nitrogen sources, nor were supplements of acetate, pyruvate, malate, fumarate, succinate, or citrate beneficial in the presence of sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetate, pyruvate, malate, fumarate, succinate and citrate were not beneficial to Lemna in the presence of sucrose.
- Treatment
- supplements of acetate, pyruvate, malate, fumarate, succinate, or citratee3
- Outcome
- beneficiale3
- Comparator
- in the presence of sucrosee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Lemna could not utilize nitrate, ammonium, or urea as heterotrophic nitrogen sources, nor were supplements of acetate, pyruvate, malate, fumarate, succinate, or citrate beneficial in the presence of sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
No single amino acid of 23 tested supported Lemna growth as well as casein hydrolyzate.
- Taxon
- Lemna minorLemna minore1
- Treatment
- single amino acide4
- Outcome
- effectivee4
- Direction
- lowerinferrede4
- Comparator
- casein hydrolyzatee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients”
e4“No single amino acid, of 23 tested in a medium containing sucrose plus yeast extract, was as effective as casein hydrolyzate”
Claim · model-written summary
DL-phenylalanine was utilized by Lemna minor for growth without harmful effects at suitable concentration.
- Taxon
- Lemna minorLemna minore1
- Compound
- DL-phenylalaninee5
- Outcome
- utilized for growthe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients”
e5“At suitable concentration, DL-phenylalanine, β-alanine, DL-isoleucine, DL-methionine, and DL-aminobutyric acid were utilized for growth without harmful effects”
Claim · model-written summary
beta-alanine was utilized by Lemna minor for growth without harmful effects at suitable concentration.
- Taxon
- Lemna minorLemna minore1
- Compound
- β-alaninee5
- Outcome
- utilized for growthe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients”
e5“At suitable concentration, DL-phenylalanine, β-alanine, DL-isoleucine, DL-methionine, and DL-aminobutyric acid were utilized for growth without harmful effects”
Claim · model-written summary
DL-isoleucine was utilized by Lemna minor for growth without harmful effects at suitable concentration.
- Taxon
- Lemna minorLemna minore1
- Compound
- DL-isoleucinee5
- Outcome
- utilized for growthe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients”
e5“At suitable concentration, DL-phenylalanine, β-alanine, DL-isoleucine, DL-methionine, and DL-aminobutyric acid were utilized for growth without harmful effects”
Claim · model-written summary
DL-methionine was utilized by Lemna minor for growth without harmful effects at suitable concentration.
- Taxon
- Lemna minorLemna minore1
- Compound
- DL-methioninee5
- Outcome
- utilized for growthe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients”
e5“At suitable concentration, DL-phenylalanine, β-alanine, DL-isoleucine, DL-methionine, and DL-aminobutyric acid were utilized for growth without harmful effects”
Claim · model-written summary
DL-aminobutyric acid was utilized by Lemna minor for growth without harmful effects at suitable concentration.
- Taxon
- Lemna minorLemna minore1
- Compound
- DL-aminobutyric acide5
- Outcome
- utilized for growthe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients”
e5“At suitable concentration, DL-phenylalanine, β-alanine, DL-isoleucine, DL-methionine, and DL-aminobutyric acid were utilized for growth without harmful effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Frond development of Lemna was more normal at low nitrate concentration.
- Taxon
- Lemna minorLemna minore1
- Treatment
- low nitrate concentratione6
- Outcome
- Frond developmente6
- Direction
- more normale6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients”
e6“Frond development was more normal at low nitrate concentration, but potassium concentration had to be proportionately reduced to avoid inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium concentration had to be reduced to avoid inhibition of Lemna growth.
- Taxon
- Lemna minorLemna minore1
- Treatment
- potassium concentratione6
- Outcome
- inhibitione6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients”
e6“Frond development was more normal at low nitrate concentration, but potassium concentration had to be proportionately reduced to avoid inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of Lemna minor was not limited by other major elements, minor elements or aeration.
- Taxon
- Lemna minorLemna minore1
- Treatment
- the concentration of other major elementse7
- Outcome
- Growthe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lemna minor L. was grown aseptically in darkness for 189 days in a modified Hoagland's solution, containing 1% sucrose, acid-hydrolyzed casein 800 mgm., and yeast extract 40 mgm. per liter as essential ingredients”
e7“Growth was not limited by the concentration of other major elements, minor elements, or the degree of aeration”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose feeding and increased photosynthesis had additive effects on accumulation of growth factors in plants moved from light to darkness.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee2
- Treatment
- Sucrose feedinge2
- Outcome
- accumulation of growth factorse2
- Direction
- additivee2
Verbatim
e2“Sucrose feeding and increased photosynthesis had additive rather than competitive effects upon accumulation of growth factors in plants transferred from light to darkness”
Claim · model-written summary
Spirodela oligorrhiza utilized nitrate heterotrophically to a limited extent.
- Taxon
- Spirodela oligorrhizaSpirodela oligorrhizae2
- Compound
- nitratee2
- Outcome
- utilized nitrate heterotrophicallye2
Verbatim
e2“Spirodela oligorrhiza Kurtz, utilized nitrate heterotrophically to a limited extent”
Claim · model-written summary
Albino maize was grown to ear formation by feeding sucrose to the leaves and nitrate to the roots.
Verbatim
e2“Albino maize was grown to the stage of ear formation by feeding sucrose to the leaves and nitrate to the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn seed diffusate, coconut milk and ammonium plus casein hydrolyzate did not promote growth of maize when supplied to the leaves.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse2 - Treatment
- corn seed diffusatee2
- Outcome
- Growthe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Growth was not promoted, however, by corn seed diffusate, coconut milk, or ammonium plus casein hydrolyzate supplied to the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Albino barley fed sucrose through the leaves did not grow beyond the seedling stage.
Verbatim
e2“Albino barley fed sucrose through the leaves did not grow beyond the seedling stage”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays subsp. mays · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 94 papers →nitrogen · growth · Lemna minorPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.