Abstract
In maize ( Zea mays L.), low N use efficiency (NUE) is observed when a high proportion of the fertilizer N is not recovered by the crop. Combining different management practices can improve maize NUE. The objectives were to assess the impacts of integrated N management practices on grain yield (GY), plant N uptake (PNU), and NUE (and its components, N recovery efficiency [NRE] and N internal efficiency [NIE]) from three maize site‐years (Indiana). The factors evaluated were: (i) N rate (0, 90, and 180 kg N ha −1 ), (ii) nitrapyrin (presence or absence), and (iii) N timing (at planting or V6 stage). Grain yields for the field research study ranged from 6.3 to 12.1 Mg ha −1 . The main results indicated: (i) PNU increased with N rates and with delayed N timing, (ii) the use of nitrapyrin increased NUE ( ∼ 17%), primarily via improving NRE ( ∼ 25%), and (iii) NUE increased by delaying the timing of N application. In addition to the field experiments, a meta‐analysis studying the effect of nitrapyrin on maize GY, PNU, and NUE was performed. Highlights from the meta‐analysis were: (i) positive impacts of nitrapyrin application on both GY and PNU, but (ii) those impacts were neither reflected in gains for NUE nor for NRE and NIE. The positive impacts of nitrapyrin on NUE (and components) found in the field research study were not consistent with the outcomes documented in the meta‐analysis. This emphasizes that the potential maize NUE benefits of nitrapyrin addition to spring N applications are not always realized.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Field maize grain yields ranged from 6.3 to 12.1 Mg ha −1.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields for the field research study ranged from 6.3 to 12.1 Mg ha −1”
e1“In maize ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize plant nitrogen uptake rose with nitrogen rate.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PNU increased with N rates and with delayed N timing”
e1“In maize ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize plant nitrogen uptake rose with delayed nitrogen application.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PNU increased with N rates and with delayed N timing”
e1“In maize ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin increased maize nitrogen use efficiency by about 17% in field trials.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of nitrapyrin increased NUE ( ∼ 17%)”
e1“In maize ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrapyrin improved maize nitrogen recovery efficiency by about 25% in field trials.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“primarily via improving NRE ( ∼ 25%)”
e1“the use of nitrapyrin increased NUE”
e2“In maize ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying nitrogen application increased maize nitrogen use efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NUE increased by delaying the timing of N application”
e1“In maize ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Meta-analysis found nitrapyrin improved maize grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive impacts of nitrapyrin application on both GY and PNU”
e1“In maize ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Meta-analysis found nitrapyrin improved maize plant nitrogen uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive impacts of nitrapyrin application on both GY and PNU”
e1“In maize ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Meta-analysis found no nitrapyrin gain in maize nitrogen use efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those impacts were neither reflected in gains for NUE nor for NRE and NIE”
e1“nitrapyrin application”
e2“In maize ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Meta-analysis found no nitrapyrin gain in maize nitrogen recovery or internal efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those impacts were neither reflected in gains for NUE nor for NRE and NIE”
e1“nitrapyrin application”
e2“In maize ( Zea mays L.)”
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