Abstract
Agronomic efficiency (AE) and apparent N recovery efficiency (RE) can be improved by developing more effective N fertilizer placement strategies; however, minimal research has focused on poorly‐drained claypan soils which are prone to saturated conditions and gaseous N loss. The objective of this 2‐yr study was to determine the effectiveness of different N fertilizer placement methods on corn ( Zea mays L.) grain yield, grain quality, silage yield, N uptake, AE, RE, and spatial soil N distribution over time. Nitrogen placement treatments included deep‐banded urea (DB) or urea plus nitrapyrin (DB+NI) at a depth of 20 cm compared to urea broadcast applied (BC) or BC incorporated to a depth of 8 cm (BCI). The DB and DB+NI treatments generally resulted in higher grain and silage yields than the non‐treated control (NC), BCI, and BC treatments. The DB+NI increased silage yield 4.14 to 4.77 Mg ha −1 over the BC and DB treatments in 2016. Additionally, DB+NI resulted in 21 and 27% greater N uptake and RE than other N placement treatments. Deep‐banded treatments with and without NI had the highest AE (10.3–13.3 kg kg N −1 ) compared to other treatments. Deep‐banded urea had significantly higher soil NO 3 –N concentrations in deep soil layers compared to DB+NI when sampled in July. Results indicated DB+NI increased N availability for a longer period during the growing season and was a reliable strategy for increasing corn yields and improving AE and RE on a poorly‐drained claypan soil. Core Ideas Yield response to urea was ranked DB+NI = DB > BCI > BC. Apparent N recovery efficiency was greatest (76.5%) with DB+NI. Highest agronomic efficiency (10.3 to 13.3 kg kgN −1 ) was observed for DB and DB+NI. Distribution of pHs, NO 3 ‐N, and NH 4 ‐N in the soil was affected by urea placement.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Deep-banded urea increased grain and silage yield versus controls and other placements.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- DB and DB+NI treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain and silage yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non‐treated control (NC), BCI, and BC treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DB and DB+NI treatments generally resulted in higher grain and silage yields than the non‐treated control (NC), BCI, and BC treatments.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
DB+NI increased silage yield over BC and DB in 2016.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- DB+NIe0
- Outcome
- silage yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.14 to 4.77 Mg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Comparator
- BC and DB treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DB+NI increased silage yield 4.14 to 4.77 Mg ha −1 over the BC and DB treatments in 2016.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
DB+NI gave 21% greater N uptake than other placements.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- DB+NIe0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 21e0
- Comparator
- other N placement treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DB+NI resulted in 21 and 27% greater N uptake and RE than other N placement treatments.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
DB+NI gave 27% greater recovery efficiency.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- DB+NIe0
- Outcome
- REe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- other N placement treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DB+NI resulted in 21 and 27% greater N uptake and RE than other N placement treatments.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep-banded treatments had the highest agronomic efficiency.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Deep‐banded treatments with and without NIe0
- Outcome
- AEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.3–13.3 kg kg N −1e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep‐banded treatments with and without NI had the highest AE (10.3–13.3 kg kg N −1 ) compared to other treatments.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep-banded urea had higher deep-soil nitrate than DB+NI in July.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Deep‐banded ureae0
- Outcome
- soil NO 3 –N concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- Julye0
- Comparator
- DB+NIe0
- Setting
- deep soil layerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep‐banded urea had significantly higher soil NO 3 –N concentrations in deep soil layers compared to DB+NI when sampled in July.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
DB+NI increased nitrogen availability for longer during the growing season.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- DB+NIe0
- Outcome
- N availabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- longer period during the growing seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated DB+NI increased N availability for a longer period during the growing season”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea placement affected distributions of soil pH, nitrate and ammonium.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- urea placemente0
- Outcome
- Distribution of pHs, NO 3 ‐N, and NH 4 ‐N in the soile0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Distribution of pHs, NO 3 ‐N, and NH 4 ‐N in the soil was affected by urea placement.”
t0“Corn”
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