Abstract
Nitrification inhibitors have the potential to reduce N2O emissions from maize fields, but optimal results may depend on deployment of integrated N fertilizer management systems that increase yields achieved per unit of N2O lost. A new micro-encapsulated formulation of nitrapyrin for liquid N fertilizers became available to US farmers in 2010. Our research objectives were to (i) assess the impacts of urea–ammonium nitrate (UAN) management practices (timing, rate and nitrification inhibitor) and environmental variables on growing-season N2O fluxes and (ii) identify UAN treatment combinations that both reduce N2O emissions and optimize maize productivity. Field experiments near West Lafayette, Indiana in 2010 and 2011 examined three N rates (0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1), two timings (pre-emergence and side-dress) and presence or absence of nitrapyrin. Mean cumulative N2O–N emissions (Q10 corrected) were 0.81, 1.83 and 3.52 kg N2O–N ha−1 for the rates of 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1, respectively; 1.80 and 2.31 kg N2O–N ha−1 for pre-emergence and side-dress timings, respectively; and 1.77 versus 2.34 kg N2O–N ha−1 for with and without nitrapyrin, respectively. Yield-scaled N2O–N emissions increased with N rates as anticipated (averaging 167, 204 and 328 g N2O–N Mg grain−1 for the 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates), but were 22% greater with the side-dress timing than the pre-emergence timing (when averaged across N rates and inhibitor treatments) because of environmental conditions following later applications. Overall yield-scaled N2O–N emissions were 22% lower with nitrapyrin than without the inhibitor, but these did not interact with N rate or timing.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Mean cumulative N2O–N emissions increased with N rate (0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1)
- Treatment
- 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1e5
- Outcome
- Mean cumulative N2O–N emissionse5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- 0.81, 1.83 and 3.52 kg N2O–N ha−1e5
- Setting
- West Lafayette, Indianae1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize production”
e1“Field experiments near West Lafayette, Indiana in 2010 and 2011”
e5“Mean cumulative N2O–N emissions (Q10 corrected) were 0.81, 1.83 and 3.52 kg N2O–N ha−1 for the rates of 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1, respectively; 1.80 and 2.31 kg N2O–N ha−1 for pre-emergence and side-dress timings, respectively; and 1.77 versus 2.34 kg N2O–N ha−1 for with and without nitrapyrin, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield-scaled N2O–N emissions increased with N rates
- Treatment
- N ratese3
- Outcome
- Yield-scaled N2O–N emissionse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 167, 204 and 328 g N2O–N Mg grain−1e3
- Setting
- West Lafayette, Indianae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize production”
e1“Field experiments near West Lafayette, Indiana in 2010 and 2011”
e3“Yield-scaled N2O–N emissions increased with N rates as anticipated (averaging 167, 204 and 328 g N2O–N Mg grain−1 for the 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield-scaled N2O–N emissions were 22% greater with side-dress timing than with pre-emergence timing
- Treatment
- side-dress timinge4
- Outcome
- Yield-scaled N2O–N emissionse4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 22%e4
- Comparator
- pre-emergence timinge4
- Setting
- West Lafayette, Indianae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize production”
e1“Field experiments near West Lafayette, Indiana in 2010 and 2011”
e4“Yield-scaled N2O–N emissions increased with N rates as anticipated (averaging 167, 204 and 328 g N2O–N Mg grain−1 for the 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates), but were 22% greater with the side-dress timing than the pre-emergence timing”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean cumulative N2O–N emissions were higher with side-dress timing than with pre-emergence timing
- Treatment
- side-dress timingse5
- Outcome
- Mean cumulative N2O–N emissionse5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 1.80 and 2.31 kg N2O–N ha−1e5
- Comparator
- pre-emergencee5
- Setting
- West Lafayette, Indianae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize production”
e1“Field experiments near West Lafayette, Indiana in 2010 and 2011”
e5“Mean cumulative N2O–N emissions (Q10 corrected) were 0.81, 1.83 and 3.52 kg N2O–N ha−1 for the rates of 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1, respectively; 1.80 and 2.31 kg N2O–N ha−1 for pre-emergence and side-dress timings, respectively; and 1.77 versus 2.34 kg N2O–N ha−1 for with and without nitrapyrin, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean cumulative N2O–N emissions were lower with nitrapyrin than without it
- Treatment
- nitrapyrine5
- Outcome
- Mean cumulative N2O–N emissionse5
- Direction
- lowerinferrede5
- Value
- 1.77 versus 2.34 kg N2O–N ha−1e5
- Comparator
- without nitrapyrine5
- Setting
- West Lafayette, Indianae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize production”
e1“Field experiments near West Lafayette, Indiana in 2010 and 2011”
e5“Mean cumulative N2O–N emissions (Q10 corrected) were 0.81, 1.83 and 3.52 kg N2O–N ha−1 for the rates of 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1, respectively; 1.80 and 2.31 kg N2O–N ha−1 for pre-emergence and side-dress timings, respectively; and 1.77 versus 2.34 kg N2O–N ha−1 for with and without nitrapyrin, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall yield-scaled N2O–N emissions were 22% lower with nitrapyrin than without the inhibitor
- Treatment
- nitrapyrine6
- Outcome
- Overall yield-scaled N2O–N emissionse6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Value
- 22%e6
- Comparator
- without the inhibitore6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize production”
e6“Overall yield-scaled N2O–N emissions were 22% lower with nitrapyrin than without the inhibitor”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of nitrapyrin on yield-scaled N2O–N emissions did not interact with N rate or timing
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize production”
t1“nitrapyrin presence”
e7“but these did not interact with N rate or timing”
The same questions in other papers
nitrapyrin · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →nitrapyrin · environment: emissions · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →nitrogen · environment: emissions · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 45 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →nitrogen · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
278 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,906 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2,181 papers more in this group
See all 2,185 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.