Abstract
Abstract Nitrogen fertilization is considered as an important source of atmospheric N 2 O emission. A seven site‐year on‐farm field experiment was conducted at Ottawa and Guelph, ON and Saint‐Valentin, QC, Canada to characterize the affect of the amount and timing of N fertilizer on N 2 O emission in corn ( Zea mays L.) production. Using the static chamber method, gas samples were collected for 28‐days after preplant and 28‐days after sidedress fertilization at the seven site‐year, resulting in 14 monitoring periods. For both methods of fertilization, peak N 2 O flux and cumulative emission increased with the amount of N applied, with rates ranging from 30 to 900 μg N m −2 h −1 . Depending on N amount and time of application, cumulative emission varied from 0.05 to 2.42 kg N ha −1 , equivalent to 0.03% to 1.45% of the N fertilizer applied. Differences in N 2 O emission peaks among fertilizer treatments were clearly separated in 13 out of 14 monitoring periods. Total N 2 O emissions may have been underestimated compared with annual monitoring in 10 out of the 49 cases because the monitoring period ended before N 2 O efflux returned to the baseline level. The flux of N 2 O was negligible when soil mineral N in the 0–15 cm layer was < 20 mg N kg −1 . While rainfall stimulated emission, soil temperature > 15 °C was likely the driving force responsible for the higher levels of N 2 O found for sidedress than preplant application methods. However, caution must be taken when interpreting these later results as preplant fertilization may have continuously stimulated N 2 O emissions after the 28‐days monitoring period, especially in situations where N 2 O effluxes have not fallen back to their baseline levels. Increasing fertilizer rates from 90 to 150 kg N ha −1 resulted in slight increases in yields, but doubled cumulative N 2 O emissions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Peak N2O flux increased with applied nitrogen amount under both fertilization timings.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- amount of N appliede0
- Outcome
- peak N 2 O fluxe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30 to 900 μg N m −2 h −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For both methods of fertilization, peak N 2 O flux and cumulative emission increased with the amount of N applied, with rates ranging from 30 to 900 μg N m −2 h −1 .”
e1“N 2 O emission in corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative N2O emissions increased with applied nitrogen amount under both fertilization timings.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- amount of N appliede0
- Outcome
- cumulative emissione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.05 to 2.42 kg N ha −1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For both methods of fertilization, peak N 2 O flux and cumulative emission increased with the amount of N applied”
e1“Depending on N amount and time of application, cumulative emission varied from 0.05 to 2.42 kg N ha −1 , equivalent to 0.03% to 1.45% of the N fertilizer applied.”
e2“N 2 O emission in corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Emission peaks differed clearly among fertilizer treatments in 13 of 14 monitoring periods.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- fertilizer treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Differences in N 2 O emission peakse0
- Value
- 13 out of 14 monitoring periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in N 2 O emission peaks among fertilizer treatments were clearly separated in 13 out of 14 monitoring periods.”
e1“N 2 O emission in corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
The 28-day monitoring period may have underestimated annual N2O emissions in 10 of 49 cases.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- Total N 2 O emissionse0
- Direction
- underestimatede0
- Value
- 10 out of the 49 casese0
- Comparator
- annual monitoringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total N 2 O emissions may have been underestimated compared with annual monitoring in 10 out of the 49 cases because the monitoring period ended before N 2 O efflux returned to the baseline level.”
e1“N 2 O emission in corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
N2O flux was negligible when surface soil mineral N was below 20 mg N kg−1.
- Outcome
- flux of N 2 Oe0
- Direction
- negligiblee0
- Qualifier
- soil mineral N in the 0–15 cm layer was < 20 mg N kg −1e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The flux of N 2 O was negligible when soil mineral N in the 0–15 cm layer was < 20 mg N kg −1 .”
e1“N 2 O emission in corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall stimulated N2O emissions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- rainfalle0
- Outcome
- emissione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While rainfall stimulated emission”
e1“N 2 O emission in corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil temperature above 15°C was proposed to drive higher N2O levels for sidedress than preplant fertilization.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- sidedresse0
- Outcome
- levels of N 2 Oe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- soil temperature > 15 °Ce0
- Comparator
- preplant application methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil temperature > 15 °C was likely the driving force responsible for the higher levels of N 2 O found for sidedress than preplant application methods.”
e1“N 2 O emission in corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fertilizer from 90 to 150 kg N ha−1 slightly increased corn yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 150 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- slight increasese0
- Comparator
- 90e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing fertilizer rates from 90 to 150 kg N ha −1 resulted in slight increases in yields”
e1“N 2 O emission in corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fertilizer from 90 to 150 kg N ha−1 doubled cumulative N2O emissions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 150 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- cumulative N 2 O emissionse0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Comparator
- 90e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing fertilizer rates from 90 to 150 kg N ha −1 resulted in slight increases in yields, but doubled cumulative N 2 O emissions.”
e1“N 2 O emission in corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
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