Abstract
Rapid (4 hr) auxin‐induced hyponastic curvature of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris is shown to depend on a positive increase in growth of the lower portion of the blade. The curvature involves laminar growth as well as vein growth and is not due to simple turgor changes. The response is sensitive to gravitational orientation, as inversion and horizontal rotation reduce the auxin‐induced curvature. The ethylene‐generating compound, 2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid, had no hyponastic effect on the leaves when applied to either the upper or lower surface and it inhibited auxin‐induced hyponasty. This inhibition was additive to that of inversion. Long‐term (24–48 hr) effects of 1 mM auxin depend on the surface of the leaf treated. Application to the upper surface results in epinasty, lower surface application in hyponasty, although the initial response in each case is a hyponastic curvature. A dorsi‐ventral auxin transport system and differential auxin sensitivity of upper and lower portions of the leaf blade are postulated to account for these responses.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid auxin induced hyponasty depends on increased lower blade growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Organ / stage
- primary leavese0
- Treatment
- auxine0
- Outcome
- hyponastic curvaturee0
- Qualifier
- positive increase in growth of the lower portion of the bladee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rapid (4 hr) auxin‐induced hyponastic curvature of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris is shown to depend on a positive increase in growth of the lower portion of the blade.”
Claim · model-written summary
Curvature involves laminar and vein growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- curvaturee0
- Qualifier
- laminar growth as well as vein growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The curvature involves laminar growth as well as vein growth and is not due to simple turgor changes.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Curvature was not attributed to simple turgor changes.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- curvaturee0
- Qualifier
- simple turgor changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The curvature involves laminar growth as well as vein growth and is not due to simple turgor changes.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Inversion reduced auxin induced curvature.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- inversione0
- Outcome
- auxin‐induced curvaturee0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inversion and horizontal rotation reduce the auxin‐induced curvature.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Horizontal rotation reduced auxin induced curvature.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- horizontal rotatione0
- Outcome
- auxin‐induced curvaturee0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inversion and horizontal rotation reduce the auxin‐induced curvature.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
2-chloroethylphosphonic acid applied to the upper surface had no hyponastic effect.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- uppere0
- Treatment
- 2‐chloroethylphosphonic acide0
- Outcome
- hyponastic effecte0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid, had no hyponastic effect on the leaves when applied to either the upper or lower surface and it inhibited auxin‐induced hyponasty.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
2-chloroethylphosphonic acid applied to the lower surface had no hyponastic effect.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- lower surfacee0
- Treatment
- 2‐chloroethylphosphonic acide0
- Outcome
- hyponastic effecte0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid, had no hyponastic effect on the leaves when applied to either the upper or lower surface and it inhibited auxin‐induced hyponasty.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
2-chloroethylphosphonic acid inhibited auxin induced hyponasty.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 2‐chloroethylphosphonic acide0
- Outcome
- auxin‐induced hyponastye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid, had no hyponastic effect on the leaves when applied to either the upper or lower surface and it inhibited auxin‐induced hyponasty.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibition by ethylene generating compound was additive to inversion inhibition.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- inversione0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- additivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This inhibition was additive to that of inversion.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Long term upper leaf surface auxin application caused epinasty.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Application to the upper surfacee0
- Outcome
- epinastye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application to the upper surface results in epinasty, lower surface application in hyponasty, although the initial response in each case is a hyponastic curvature.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Long term lower leaf surface auxin application caused hyponasty.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- lower surface applicatione0
- Outcome
- hyponastye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application to the upper surface results in epinasty, lower surface application in hyponasty, although the initial response in each case is a hyponastic curvature.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Both application surfaces initially induced hyponastic curvature.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- hyponastic curvaturee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although the initial response in each case is a hyponastic curvature.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Differential auxin transport and sensitivity were proposed to explain the responses.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- these responsese0
- Qualifier
- A dorsi‐ventral auxin transport system and differential auxin sensitivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A dorsi‐ventral auxin transport system and differential auxin sensitivity of upper and lower portions of the leaf blade are postulated to account for these responses.”
e1“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”