Abstract
Abstract Previous studies report conflicting results regarding the sensitivity of cowpeas to growth stage water deficits. Our 2‐year field study was designed to monitor the effects of water deficit imposed at three growth stages on the yield and water use of cowpeas ( Vigna ungiculata (L.) Walp.). Six irrigation treatments were used to impose the water deficit including a well watered control treatment (WWW) and five deficit treatments (DWW, WDW, WWD, DWD, WDD). Cowpeas were grown on a sandy loam soil (coarse‐loamy, mixed thermic Haplic Durixeralf) on the experimental farm in Riverside, California. The pre‐dawn leaf water potential, as measured by the pressure bomb technique, was a better indicator of crop water stress than was the midday leaf water potential. The pre‐dawn leaf water potential at any growth stage progressively decreased with time following cessation of irrigation, but completely recovered after soil water storage was recharged by irrigation or rain. The most sensitive growth stages to drought were flowering and podfilling, with yield reduction from 35 to 69% depending on the timing and length of the drought treatment. A soil water deficit during the vegetative stage had the least effect on crop yield. This, coupled with decreased evaporation, resulted in a water‐use efficiency which was greater than that of the control treatment, which was adequately watered throughout the season. The water‐use efficiencies of the other stage deficit treatments were decreased below that of the control because of large decreases in crop yield. Seed yield of cowpeas was found to be linearly related to an integrated water stress indicator based on the predawn measurement of leaf water potential. We found that the relative dry matter yield was linearly related to crop transpiration as determined by the difference between a water balance measurement of ET and modeled evaporation (T = ET meas. ‐ E modeled ).
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Predawn leaf water potential indicated crop water stress better than midday potential.
- Taxon
- Cowpeas
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Outcome
- indicator of crop water stresse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- midday leaf water potentiale0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre‐dawn leaf water potential, as measured by the pressure bomb technique, was a better indicator of crop water stress than was the midday leaf water potential.”
t0“Use of Cowpeas1”
Claim · model-written summary
Predawn leaf water potential decreased after irrigation stopped.
- Taxon
- CowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- cessation of irrigatione0
- Outcome
- pre‐dawn leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre‐dawn leaf water potential at any growth stage progressively decreased with time following cessation of irrigation, but completely recovered after soil water storage was recharged by irrigation or rain.”
t0“Use of Cowpeas1”
Claim · model-written summary
Predawn potential recovered after irrigation or rain replenished soil water.
- Taxon
- CowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- irrigation or raine0
- Outcome
- pre‐dawn leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre‐dawn leaf water potential at any growth stage progressively decreased with time following cessation of irrigation, but completely recovered after soil water storage was recharged by irrigation or rain.”
t0“Use of Cowpeas1”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at flowering reduced cowpea yield by 35 to 69%.
- Taxon
- CowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 35 to 69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most sensitive growth stages to drought were flowering and podfilling, with yield reduction from 35 to 69% depending on the timing and length of the drought treatment.”
t0“Use of Cowpeas1”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at podfilling reduced cowpea yield by 35 to 69%.
- Taxon
- CowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- podfillinge0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 35 to 69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most sensitive growth stages to drought were flowering and podfilling, with yield reduction from 35 to 69% depending on the timing and length of the drought treatment.”
t0“Use of Cowpeas1”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative-stage water deficit had the least effect on yield.
- Taxon
- CowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil water deficite0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- least effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A soil water deficit during the vegetative stage had the least effect on crop yield.”
t0“Use of Cowpeas1”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative-stage deficit raised water-use efficiency above the fully watered control.
- Taxon
- CowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- soil water deficit during the vegetative stagee1
- Outcome
- water‐use efficiencye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This, coupled with decreased evaporation, resulted in a water‐use efficiency which was greater than that of the control treatment, which was adequately watered throughout the season.”
t0“Use of Cowpeas1”
e1“A soil water deficit during the vegetative stage had the least effect on crop yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Other deficit-stage treatments lowered water-use efficiency against the control.
- Taxon
- CowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- other stage deficit treatmentse0
- Outcome
- water‐use efficienciese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water‐use efficiencies of the other stage deficit treatments were decreased below that of the control because of large decreases in crop yield.”
t0“Use of Cowpeas1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea seed yield was linearly related to integrated predawn water stress.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Qualifier
- linearly related to an integrated water stress indicatore0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield of cowpeas was found to be linearly related to an integrated water stress indicator based on the predawn measurement of leaf water potential.”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative dry matter yield was linearly related to crop transpiration.
- Taxon
- CowpeasVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- relative dry matter yielde0
- Qualifier
- linearly related to crop transpiratione0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found that the relative dry matter yield was linearly related to crop transpiration as determined by the difference between a water balance measurement of ET and modeled evaporation”
t0“Use of Cowpeas1”
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