Abstract
Water deficit and phosphate (Pi) deficiency adversely affect growth and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of legume crops. In this study, we examined the impact of interaction between soil water conditions and available soil-Pi levels on growth, nodule development and BNF potential of nine cowpea varieties grown on dry savanna soils. In our experimental design, soils with different available soil-Pi levels, i.e., low, moderate, and high soil-Pi levels, collected from various farming fields were used to grow nine cowpea varieties under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Significant and severe water deficit-damaging effects on BNF, nodulation, growth, levels of plant-nitrogen (N) and -phosphorus (P), as well as shoot relative water content and chlorophyll content of cowpea plants were observed. Under well-watered and high available soil-Pi conditions, cowpea varieties IT07K-304-9 and Dan'Ila exhibited significantly higher BNF potential and dry biomass, as well as plant-N and -P contents compared with other tested ones. Significant genotypic variations among the cowpeas were recorded under low available soil-Pi and water-deficit conditions in terms of the BNF potential. Principal component (PC) analysis revealed that varieties IT04K-339-1, IT07K-188-49, IT07K-304-9, and IT04K-405-5 were associated with PC1, which was better explained by performance for nodulation, plant biomass, plant-N, plant-P, and BNF potential under the combined stress of water deficit and Pi deficiency, thereby offering prospects for development of varieties with high growth and BNF traits that are adaptive to such stress conditions in the region. On another hand, variety Dan'Ila was significantly related to PC2 that was highly explained by the plant shoot/root ratio and chlorophyll content, suggesting the existence of physiological and morphological adjustments to cope with water deficit and Pi deficiency for this particular variety. Additionally, increases in soil-Pi availability led to significant reductions of water-deficit damage on dry biomass, plant-N and -P contents, and BNF potential of cowpea varieties. This finding suggests that integrated nutrient management strategies that allow farmers to access to Pi-based fertilizers may help reduce the damage of adverse water deficit and Pi deficiency caused to cowpea crop in the regions, where soils are predominantly Pi-deficient and drought-prone.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly and severely damaged BNF, nodulation and growth of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae1 - Treatment
- water deficite1
- Outcome
- BNF, nodulation, growthe1
- Direction
- damaginge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Significant and severe water deficit-damaging effects on BNF, nodulation, growth, levels of plant-nitrogen (N) and -phosphorus (P), as well as shoot relative water content and chlorophyll content of cowpea plants were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly and severely damaged plant-N and -P levels of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- water deficite1
- Outcome
- levels of plant-nitrogen (N) and -phosphorus (P)e1
- Direction
- damaginge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Significant and severe water deficit-damaging effects on BNF, nodulation, growth, levels of plant-nitrogen (N) and -phosphorus (P), as well as shoot relative water content and chlorophyll content of cowpea plants were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly and severely damaged shoot relative water content and chlorophyll content of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- water deficite1
- Outcome
- shoot relative water content and chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- damaginge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Significant and severe water deficit-damaging effects on BNF, nodulation, growth, levels of plant-nitrogen (N) and -phosphorus (P), as well as shoot relative water content and chlorophyll content of cowpea plants were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Under well-watered and high soil-Pi conditions, cultivars IT07K-304-9 and Dan'Ila had significantly higher BNF potential and dry biomass than the other tested cowpeas.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Material
- IT07K-304-9 and Dan'Ilae2
- Treatment
- well-watered and high available soil-Pi conditionse2
- Outcome
- BNF potential and dry biomasse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- other tested onese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Under well-watered and high available soil-Pi conditions, cowpea varieties IT07K-304-9 and Dan'Ila exhibited significantly higher BNF potential and dry biomass, as well as plant-N and -P contents compared with other tested ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Under well-watered and high soil-Pi conditions, cultivars IT07K-304-9 and Dan'Ila had significantly higher plant-N and -P contents than the other tested cowpeas.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Material
- IT07K-304-9 and Dan'Ilae2
- Treatment
- well-watered and high available soil-Pi conditionse2
- Outcome
- plant-N and -P contentse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- other tested onese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Under well-watered and high available soil-Pi conditions, cowpea varieties IT07K-304-9 and Dan'Ila exhibited significantly higher BNF potential and dry biomass, as well as plant-N and -P contents compared with other tested ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypic variation in BNF potential among cowpeas was significant under low soil-Pi and water-deficit conditions.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatae3
- Treatment
- low available soil-Pi and water-deficit conditionse3
- Outcome
- BNF potentiale3
- Qualifier
- genotypic variations among the cowpease3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Significant genotypic variations among the cowpeas were recorded under low available soil-Pi and water-deficit conditions in terms of the BNF potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea varieties IT04K-339-1, IT07K-188-49, IT07K-304-9 and IT04K-405-5 were associated with PC1, which reflected nodulation, biomass, plant-N, plant-P and BNF under combined water and Pi stress.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Material
- IT04K-339-1, IT07K-188-49, IT07K-304-9, and IT04K-405-5e4
- Treatment
- combined stress of water deficit and Pi deficiencye4
- Outcome
- PC1e4
- Qualifier
- nodulation, plant biomass, plant-N, plant-P, and BNF potentiale4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Significant and severe water deficit-damaging effects on BNF, nodulation, growth, levels of plant-nitrogen (N) and -phosphorus (P), as well as shoot relative water content and chlorophyll content of cowpea plants were observed”
e4“Principal component (PC) analysis revealed that varieties IT04K-339-1, IT07K-188-49, IT07K-304-9, and IT04K-405-5 were associated with PC1, which was better explained by performance for nodulation, plant biomass, plant-N, plant-P, and BNF potential under the combined stress of water deficit and Pi deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Dan'Ila was significantly related to PC2, which was highly explained by shoot/root ratio and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Material
- Dan'Ilae5
- Outcome
- PC2e5
- Qualifier
- shoot/root ratio and chlorophyll contente5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Significant and severe water deficit-damaging effects on BNF, nodulation, growth, levels of plant-nitrogen (N) and -phosphorus (P), as well as shoot relative water content and chlorophyll content of cowpea plants were observed”
e5“variety Dan'Ila was significantly related to PC2 that was highly explained by the plant shoot/root ratio and chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
Dan'Ila may have physiological and morphological adjustments to cope with combined water deficit and Pi deficiency.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- water deficit and Pi deficiencye6
- Outcome
- physiological and morphological adjustmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Significant and severe water deficit-damaging effects on BNF, nodulation, growth, levels of plant-nitrogen (N) and -phosphorus (P), as well as shoot relative water content and chlorophyll content of cowpea plants were observed”
e6“suggesting the existence of physiological and morphological adjustments to cope with water deficit and Pi deficiency for this particular variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased soil-Pi availability significantly reduced water-deficit damage on dry biomass and plant-N and -P contents of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae7
- Treatment
- increases in soil-Pi availabilitye7
- Outcome
- water-deficit damage on dry biomass, plant-N and -P contentse7
- Direction
- reductionse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Additionally, increases in soil-Pi availability led to significant reductions of water-deficit damage on dry biomass, plant-N and -P contents, and BNF potential of cowpea varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased soil-Pi availability significantly reduced water-deficit damage on BNF potential of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae7
- Treatment
- increases in soil-Pi availabilitye7
- Outcome
- BNF potentiale7
- Direction
- reductionse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Additionally, increases in soil-Pi availability led to significant reductions of water-deficit damage on dry biomass, plant-N and -P contents, and BNF potential of cowpea varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management that gives farmers access to Pi-based fertilizers may reduce the damage of combined water deficit and Pi deficiency to cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae7
- Treatment
- integrated nutrient management strategiese7
- Outcome
- damage of adverse water deficit and Pi deficiencye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“integrated nutrient management strategies that allow farmers to access to Pi-based fertilizers may help reduce the damage of adverse water deficit and Pi deficiency caused to cowpea crop”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: water · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →drought · symbiosis · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.