Abstract
Sucrose synthase (Sus) is a key enzyme of sucrose metabolism. Two Sus-encoding genes (Sus1 and Sus2) from Arabidopsis thaliana were found to be profoundly and differentially regulated in leaves exposed to environmental stresses (cold stress, drought or O(2) deficiency). Transcript levels of Sus1 increased on exposure to cold and drought, whereas Sus2 mRNA was induced specifically by O(2) deficiency. Both cold and drought exposures induced the accumulation of soluble sugars and caused a decrease in leaf osmotic potential, whereas O(2) deficiency was characterized by a nearly complete depletion in sugars. Feeding abscisic acid (ABA) to detached leaves or subjecting Arabidopsis ABA-deficient mutants to cold stress conditions had no effect on the expression profiles of Sus1 or Sus2, whereas feeding metabolizable sugars (sucrose or glucose) or non-metabolizable osmotica [poly(ethylene glycol), sorbitol or mannitol] mimicked the effects of osmotic stress on Sus1 expression in detached leaves. By using various sucrose/mannitol solutions, we demonstrated that Sus1 was up-regulated by a decrease in leaf osmotic potential rather than an increase in sucrose concentration itself. We suggest that Sus1 expression is regulated via an ABA-independent signal transduction pathway that is related to the perception of a decrease in leaf osmotic potential during stresses. In contrast, the expression of Sus2 was independent of sugar/osmoticum effects, suggesting the involvement of a signal transduction mechanism distinct from that regulating Sus1 expression. The differential stress-responsive regulation of Sus genes in leaves might represent part of a general cellular response to the allocation of carbohydrates during acclimation processes.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cold increased Sus1 transcripts.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Treatment
- colde0
- Gene
- Sus1e0
- Outcome
- Transcript levels of Sus1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcript levels of Sus1 increased on exposure to cold and drought”
e1“Two Sus-encoding genes (Sus1 and Sus2) from Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased Sus1 transcripts.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Gene
- Sus1e0
- Outcome
- Transcript levels of Sus1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcript levels of Sus1 increased on exposure to cold and drought”
e1“Two Sus-encoding genes (Sus1 and Sus2) from Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen deficiency induced Sus2 mRNA.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- O(2) deficiencye0
- Gene
- Sus2e0
- Outcome
- Sus2 mRNAe0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sus2 mRNA was induced specifically by O(2) deficiency”
e1“Two Sus-encoding genes (Sus1 and Sus2) from Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold and drought increased soluble sugars.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- cold and drought exposurese0
- Outcome
- soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both cold and drought exposures induced the accumulation of soluble sugars”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold and drought decreased leaf osmotic potential.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- cold and drought exposurese0
- Outcome
- leaf osmotic potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both cold and drought exposures induced the accumulation of soluble sugars and caused a decrease in leaf osmotic potential”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen deficiency nearly depleted sugars.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- O(2) deficiencye0
- Outcome
- sugarse0
- Direction
- depletione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“O(2) deficiency was characterized by a nearly complete depletion in sugars”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA feeding did not alter Sus1 or Sus2 expression profiles.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Feeding abscisic acid (ABA) to detached leavese0
- Outcome
- expression profiles of Sus1 or Sus2e0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding abscisic acid (ABA) to detached leaves or subjecting Arabidopsis ABA-deficient mutants to cold stress conditions had no effect on the expression profiles of Sus1 or Sus2”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress in ABA deficient mutants did not alter Sus expression profiles.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- ABA-deficient mutantse0
- Treatment
- cold stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- expression profiles of Sus1 or Sus2e0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subjecting Arabidopsis ABA-deficient mutants to cold stress conditions had no effect on the expression profiles of Sus1 or Sus2”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose and glucose feeding mimicked osmotic stress effects on Sus1 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- metabolizable sugars (sucrose or glucose)e0
- Gene
- Sus1e0
- Outcome
- Sus1 expressione0
- Direction
- mimickede0
- Comparator
- osmotic stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“feeding metabolizable sugars (sucrose or glucose) or non-metabolizable osmotica [poly(ethylene glycol), sorbitol or mannitol] mimicked the effects of osmotic stress on Sus1 expression in detached leaves”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonmetabolizable osmotica mimicked osmotic stress effects on Sus1 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- non-metabolizable osmotica [poly(ethylene glycol), sorbitol or mannitol]e0
- Gene
- Sus1e0
- Outcome
- Sus1 expressione0
- Direction
- mimickede0
- Comparator
- osmotic stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“non-metabolizable osmotica [poly(ethylene glycol), sorbitol or mannitol] mimicked the effects of osmotic stress on Sus1 expression in detached leaves”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced leaf osmotic potential upregulated Sus1 rather than increased sucrose concentration.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- Sus1e0
- Outcome
- Sus1 was up-regulatede0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- a decrease in leaf osmotic potential rather than an increase in sucrose concentration itselfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sus1 was up-regulated by a decrease in leaf osmotic potential rather than an increase in sucrose concentration itself”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Sus1 regulation was suggested to use an ABA independent pathway related to osmotic potential perception.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- Sus1e0
- Outcome
- Sus1 expressione0
- Qualifier
- ABA-independent signal transduction pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We suggest that Sus1 expression is regulated via an ABA-independent signal transduction pathway that is related to the perception of a decrease in leaf osmotic potential during stresses”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Sus2 expression was independent of sugar and osmoticum effects.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- Sus2e0
- Outcome
- expression of Sus2e0
- Direction
- independente0
- Qualifier
- sugar/osmoticum effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of Sus2 was independent of sugar/osmoticum effects”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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