Abstract
SummaryPreviously, we found that promotion of ripening by brassinolide (BR) in rice plants is attributable to the rapid translocation of assimilates from leaves to the panicle (Fujii and Saka, 1992). In this study, we examined the effect of BR treatment on the distribution aspects of carbohydrates (starch, sucrose, glucose and fructose) in upper organs including the panicle of the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare) grown in a low temperature condition (20°C in the daytime / 13°C at night) in a phytotron under natural daylight in summer. Rice plants in a greenhouse in summer were sprayed with BR(2X 10-8M and 2X 10-9M) twice at around the heading stage, and were then kept in the phytotron and in the greenhouse to examine the carbohydrate contents in leaf blades, leaf sheaths, culms, hulls and hulled grains at the milk-ripe and dough-ripe stages.At milk-ripe stage, the starch content in the plants grown in the greenhouse without BR treatment was overwhelmingly high in hulled grains with a low content in culm, leaf sheaths and hulls, whereas starch was hardly detected in the leaf blade. At the dough-ripe stage, starch was more accumulated in hulled grains. Sucrose content at the milk-ripe stage was low in hulls, but high in leaf sheaths and culms, especially in leaf blades. However, at the dough-ripe stage, a large amount of sucrose was accumulated in culms, and only a small amount in leaf blades. The content of glucose and fructose was 10 to 20% of that of sucrose in each organ, and did not differ so much between the two stages of ripeness.In the plants grown in the phytotron, the total amount of starch was markedly lower and the contents of sucrose, glucose and fructose were considerably higher than those in the greenhouse. The marked decrease of starch content in the phytotron was found in hulled grains while the content in leaf sheaths, culms and leaf blades increased. On the other hand, the increase of sucrose content resulted from the increase in vegetative organs with the decrease in hulled grains. An increase of glucose and fructose were also found in leaf organs at the milk-ripe stage.BR decreased the starch content in leaf sheaths and culms, and increased the contents of starch and sucrose in hulled grains in both temperature conditions. The contents of starch and sucrose in hulls were not influenced so much by BR. Neither did BR largely influence the contents of glucose and fructose. However, BR treatment strikingly increased the 1,000-grain weight and the percentage of ripened grains in the rice plant in both of the greenhouse and phytotron.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide decreased starch content in leaf sheaths and culms of rice
- Taxon
- rice plant
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- cv. Nipponbaree0
- Organ / stage
- leaf sheaths and culmse1
- Treatment
- BRe1
- Outcome
- starch contente1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- without BR treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“BR decreased the starch content in leaf sheaths and culms”
e2“the plants grown in the greenhouse without BR treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide increased starch and sucrose contents in hulled grains under both temperature conditions
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- hulled grainse1
- Treatment
- BRe1
- Outcome
- contents of starch and sucrosee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- without BR treatmente2
- Setting
- both temperature conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“BR decreased the starch content in leaf sheaths and culms, and increased the contents of starch and sucrose in hulled grains in both temperature conditions”
e2“the plants grown in the greenhouse without BR treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide treatment increased 1,000-grain weight and the percentage of ripened grains in rice in both greenhouse and phytotron
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente0
- Outcome
- 1,000-grain weight and the percentage of ripened grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- without BR treatmente1
- Setting
- both of the greenhouse and phytotrone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR treatment strikingly increased the 1,000-grain weight and the percentage of ripened grains in the rice plant in both of the greenhouse and phytotron”
e1“the plants grown in the greenhouse without BR treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide did not much influence starch and sucrose contents in hulls
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- hullse1
- Treatment
- BRe1
- Outcome
- contents of starch and sucrose in hullse1
- Direction
- were not influenced so muche1
- Comparator
- without BR treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“The contents of starch and sucrose in hulls were not influenced so much by BR”
e2“the plants grown in the greenhouse without BR treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinolide did not largely influence glucose and fructose contents
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- BRe1
- Outcome
- the contents of glucose and fructosee1
- Direction
- Neither did BR largely influencee1
- Comparator
- without BR treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“Neither did BR largely influence the contents of glucose and fructose”
e2“the plants grown in the greenhouse without BR treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
In the phytotron the total amount of starch was markedly lower than in the greenhouse
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- total amount of starche1
- Direction
- markedly lowere1
- Comparator
- greenhousee1
- Setting
- phytotrone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“the total amount of starch was markedly lower and the contents of sucrose, glucose and fructose were considerably higher than those in the greenhouse”
e2“In the plants grown in the phytotron”
Claim · model-written summary
In the phytotron sucrose, glucose and fructose contents were considerably higher than in the greenhouse
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- contents of sucrose, glucose and fructosee1
- Direction
- considerably highere1
- Comparator
- greenhousee1
- Setting
- phytotrone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“the total amount of starch was markedly lower and the contents of sucrose, glucose and fructose were considerably higher than those in the greenhouse”
e2“In the plants grown in the phytotron”
Claim · model-written summary
In the phytotron starch content decreased in hulled grains
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- hulled grainse2
- Outcome
- starch contente2
- Direction
- marked decreasee2
- Setting
- phytotrone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“In the plants grown in the phytotron”
e2“The marked decrease of starch content in the phytotron was found in hulled grains”
Claim · model-written summary
In the phytotron content increased in leaf sheaths, culms and leaf blades
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf sheaths, culms and leaf bladese2
- Outcome
- the contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- phytotrone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“In the plants grown in the phytotron”
e2“the content in leaf sheaths, culms and leaf blades increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose content at the milk-ripe stage was low in hulls
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- hullse1
- Outcome
- Sucrose contente1
- Direction
- lowe1
- Qualifier
- milk-ripe stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“Sucrose content at the milk-ripe stage was low in hulls”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose content was high in leaf sheaths and culms, especially in leaf blades
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf sheaths and culmse2
- Outcome
- Sucrose contente1
- Direction
- highe2
- Qualifier
- especially in leaf bladese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“Sucrose content at the milk-ripe stage was low in hulls”
e2“but high in leaf sheaths and culms, especially in leaf blades”
Claim · model-written summary
At the dough-ripe stage a large amount of sucrose accumulated in culms, versus only a small amount in leaf blades
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- culmse1
- Outcome
- sucrose was accumulatede1
- Direction
- a large amounte1
- Qualifier
- dough-ripe stagee1
- Comparator
- leaf bladese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“However, at the dough-ripe stage, a large amount of sucrose was accumulated in culms, and only a small amount in leaf blades”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose and fructose contents were 10 to 20% of sucrose content in each organ
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- each organe1
- Outcome
- content of glucose and fructosee1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 10 to 20%e1
- Comparator
- that of sucrosee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“The content of glucose and fructose was 10 to 20% of that of sucrose in each organ”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose and fructose contents did not differ much between the two ripeness stages
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- content of glucose and fructosee1
- Direction
- did not differ so muche2
- Comparator
- the two stages of ripenesse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“The content of glucose and fructose was 10 to 20% of that of sucrose in each organ”
e2“did not differ so much between the two stages of ripeness”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose and fructose increased in leaf organs at the milk-ripe stage
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf organse1
- Outcome
- glucose and fructosee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- milk-ripe stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“An increase of glucose and fructose were also found in leaf organs at the milk-ripe stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose content increased in vegetative organs with a decrease in hulled grains in the phytotron
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative organse1
- Outcome
- increase of sucrose contente1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- with the decrease in hulled grainse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“the increase of sucrose content resulted from the increase in vegetative organs with the decrease in hulled grains”
Claim · model-written summary
In greenhouse plants without brassinolide starch content was very high in hulled grains at milk-ripe stage
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- hulled grainse1
- Outcome
- starch contente1
- Direction
- overwhelmingly highe1
- Qualifier
- milk-ripe stagee1
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“At milk-ripe stage, the starch content in the plants grown in the greenhouse without BR treatment was overwhelmingly high in hulled grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch content was low in culm, leaf sheaths and hulls and hardly detected in the leaf blade
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- culm, leaf sheaths and hullse1
- Outcome
- starche1
- Direction
- low contente1
- Qualifier
- starch was hardly detected in the leaf bladee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“with a low content in culm, leaf sheaths and hulls, whereas starch was hardly detected in the leaf blade”
Claim · model-written summary
At the dough-ripe stage starch was more accumulated in hulled grains
- Taxon
- rice plantOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- hulled grainse1
- Outcome
- starche1
- Direction
- more accumulatede1
- Qualifier
- dough-ripe stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plant (cv. Nipponbare)”
e1“At the dough-ripe stage, starch was more accumulated in hulled grains”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.