Abstract
Abstract Use of saline water for irrigation has shown considerable promise. However, its effect on the solubility and bioavailability of native soil nutrients is not well understood. This study was conducted to evaluate the extent of the salt‐induced Mn solubility and phytotoxicity to sugar beet [ Beta vulgaris (L.) USH 11] under a soil‐plant‐leachate system. Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water or 22.5 and 45.0 mol m −3 NaCl‐CaCl 2 solution. Saline irrigation waters significantly ( P < 0.001) increased (27 to 97%) the Mn concentration ([Mn]) and total Mn accumulation (48 to 130%) in sugar beet tops in all soils. The [Mn] in the soil solution leachate increased significantly with net increases of 55.3, 35.5, and 2.6 mg Mn kg −1 in Maymen, Aiken‐Tehama, and Aiken‐ElDorado soil, respectively, for the highest salinity, but only traces of Mn were detected in leachate of a high pH (8.23) Mojave soil. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)‐extractable soil Mn significantly increased with salinity levels in irrigation waters in Maymen (92%), Aiken‐ElDorado (68%), and Mojave (47%) soils, but decreased (37%) in Aiken‐Tehama soil of low pH (5.10) and low C (3.60 g kg −1 ). The multiple regression analyses produced R 2 = 0.864*** ( P < 0.001) when shoot [Mn] was regressed on EC e , soil solution [Mn], soil pH, and DTPA‐extractable soil Mn. Since sugar beet tops contained in excess of 1000 mg Mn kg −1 top tissue, it was concluded that salt‐induced Mn accumulation under saline irrigation can be potentially toxic.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation increased Mn concentration in sugar beet tops by 27 to 97% relative to deionized-water irrigation, in all soils.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1 - Organ / stage
- topse1
- Treatment
- Saline irrigation waterse1
- Outcome
- Mn concentration ([Mn])e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 27 to 97%e1
- Qualifier
- in all soilse1
- Comparator
- deionized watere2
- Setting
- glasshousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Saline irrigation waters significantly ( P < 0.001) increased (27 to 97%) the Mn concentration ([Mn]) and total Mn accumulation (48 to 130%) in sugar beet tops in all soils”
e2“Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation increased total Mn accumulation in sugar beet tops by 48 to 130% relative to deionized-water irrigation, in all soils.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- topse1
- Treatment
- Saline irrigation waterse1
- Outcome
- total Mn accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 48 to 130%e1
- Qualifier
- in all soilse1
- Comparator
- deionized watere2
- Setting
- glasshousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Saline irrigation waters significantly ( P < 0.001) increased (27 to 97%) the Mn concentration ([Mn]) and total Mn accumulation (48 to 130%) in sugar beet tops in all soils”
e2“Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest salinity, soil solution Mn in the leachate increased by a net 55.3 in Maymen soil.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- highest salinitye3
- Outcome
- [Mn] in the soil solution leachatee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 55.3e3
- Comparator
- deionized watere2
- Setting
- Maymene3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The [Mn] in the soil solution leachate increased significantly with net increases of 55.3, 35.5, and 2.6 mg Mn kg −1 in Maymen, Aiken‐Tehama, and Aiken‐ElDorado soil, respectively, for the highest salinity”
e2“Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest salinity, soil solution Mn in the leachate increased by a net 35.5 in Aiken-Tehama soil.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- highest salinitye3
- Outcome
- [Mn] in the soil solution leachatee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 35.5e3
- Comparator
- deionized watere2
- Setting
- Aiken‐Tehamae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The [Mn] in the soil solution leachate increased significantly with net increases of 55.3, 35.5, and 2.6 mg Mn kg −1 in Maymen, Aiken‐Tehama, and Aiken‐ElDorado soil, respectively, for the highest salinity”
e2“Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest salinity, soil solution Mn in the leachate increased by a net 2.6 in Aiken-ElDorado soil.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- highest salinitye3
- Outcome
- [Mn] in the soil solution leachatee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 2.6e3
- Comparator
- deionized watere2
- Setting
- Aiken‐ElDoradoe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The [Mn] in the soil solution leachate increased significantly with net increases of 55.3, 35.5, and 2.6 mg Mn kg −1 in Maymen, Aiken‐Tehama, and Aiken‐ElDorado soil, respectively, for the highest salinity”
e2“Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity in irrigation water increased DTPA-extractable soil Mn by 92% in Maymen soil.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- salinity levels in irrigation waterse4
- Outcome
- extractable soil Mne4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 92%e4
- Comparator
- deionized watere2
- Setting
- Maymene4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“extractable soil Mn significantly increased with salinity levels in irrigation waters in Maymen (92%), Aiken‐ElDorado (68%), and Mojave (47%) soils, but decreased (37%) in Aiken‐Tehama soil”
e2“Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity in irrigation water increased DTPA-extractable soil Mn by 68% in Aiken-ElDorado soil.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- salinity levels in irrigation waterse4
- Outcome
- extractable soil Mne4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 68%e4
- Comparator
- deionized watere2
- Setting
- Aiken‐ElDoradoe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“extractable soil Mn significantly increased with salinity levels in irrigation waters in Maymen (92%), Aiken‐ElDorado (68%), and Mojave (47%) soils, but decreased (37%) in Aiken‐Tehama soil”
e2“Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity in irrigation water increased DTPA-extractable soil Mn by 47% in Mojave soil.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- salinity levels in irrigation waterse4
- Outcome
- extractable soil Mne4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 47%e4
- Comparator
- deionized watere2
- Setting
- Mojavee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“extractable soil Mn significantly increased with salinity levels in irrigation waters in Maymen (92%), Aiken‐ElDorado (68%), and Mojave (47%) soils, but decreased (37%) in Aiken‐Tehama soil”
e2“Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity in irrigation water decreased DTPA-extractable soil Mn by 37% in Aiken-Tehama soil of low pH.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- salinity levels in irrigation waterse4
- Outcome
- extractable soil Mne4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 37%e4
- Comparator
- deionized watere2
- Setting
- Aiken‐Tehamae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“extractable soil Mn significantly increased with salinity levels in irrigation waters in Maymen (92%), Aiken‐ElDorado (68%), and Mojave (47%) soils, but decreased (37%) in Aiken‐Tehama soil”
e2“Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple regression of shoot Mn on EC e, soil solution Mn, soil pH and DTPA-extractable soil Mn gave R 2 = 0.864 (P < 0.001).
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- soil solution [Mn]e5
- Outcome
- shoot [Mn]e5
- Value
- R 2 = 0.864e5
- Qualifier
- multiple regression analysese5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The multiple regression analyses produced R 2 = 0.864*** ( P < 0.001) when shoot [Mn] was regressed on EC e , soil solution [Mn], soil pH, and DTPA‐extractable soil Mn”
e1“Saline irrigation waters significantly ( P < 0.001) increased (27 to 97%) the Mn concentration ([Mn]) and total Mn accumulation (48 to 130%) in sugar beet tops in all soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar beet tops contained Mn in excess of 1000 mg per kg of top tissue.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise6
- Outcome
- Mn accumulatione6
- Value
- 1000 mg Mn kg −1e6
- Qualifier
- in excess ofe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Since sugar beet tops contained in excess of 1000 mg Mn kg −1 top tissue, it was concluded that salt‐induced Mn accumulation under saline irrigation can be potentially toxic”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-induced Mn accumulation under saline irrigation can be potentially toxic to sugar beet (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise6
- Treatment
- saline irrigatione6
- Outcome
- potentially toxice6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Since sugar beet tops contained in excess of 1000 mg Mn kg −1 top tissue, it was concluded that salt‐induced Mn accumulation under saline irrigation can be potentially toxic”
Claim · model-written summary
Only traces of Mn were detected in the leachate of the high-pH Mojave soil.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Outcome
- traces of Mn were detected in leachatee7
- Qualifier
- only tracese7
- Setting
- Mojavee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“but only traces of Mn were detected in leachate of a high pH (8.23) Mojave soil”
e2“Sugar beet grown in the glasshouse on four diverse California soils was irrigated with either deionized water”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · nutrient: content · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
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See all 8 papers →salinity · nutrient: content · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.