Abstract
Abstract Jatropha curcas L. has recently attracted the attention of the international research community due to its potential as a biodiesel crop. In addition, its high resistance to drought and salinity is well known. Under arid and semiarid conditions, boron (B) concentrations in irrigation water can be higher than desired when water from industry, urban areas, or desalination is used. However, the growth and physiological responses of J. curcas plants to B excess in the irrigation water are unknown. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of B excess in the nutrient solution (0.25, 2, 4.5, and 7 mg L –1 B, applied as H 3 BO 3 ) on plant growth, mineral concentration in the different plant tissues, photosynthesis, water relations, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll concentration (as SPAD values), and composition of carbohydrates. Plant growth decreased with increasing B concentration in the nutrient solution; growth reduction was higher for roots than for leaves or stems. The B concentration increased in all plant tissues, in the following order: leaf > root > stem. These data indicate that the roots of J. curcas are more sensitive to B toxicity than the leaves and that B has restricted mobility inside these plants, accumulating mainly in the basal and middle leaves via the transpiration stream. Increasing B concentration in leaves decreased the A CO2 and the stomatal conductance, but the leaf water parameters were not affected. The data for chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that nonstomatal factors were involved in the A CO2 decline, whereas decreases in the parameters of PSII photochemistry due to B toxicity suggest that there was structural damage in chloroplasts. There was also a general tendency for a decrease in nonstructural carbohydrates in all plant tissues, possibly due to the decline in A CO2 . With excess B, the concentrations of K and Mg increased in leaves due to a decrease in the growth, while a typical antagonistic effect between B and P was evident from the P concentration decrease in leaves. In summary, J. curcas should be considered a B‐sensitive plant, as a leaf B concentration of 1.2 mg (g dw) –1 caused a growth decline of approximately 30%.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Jatropha growth declined as nutrient-solution boron increased.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas
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Jatropha curcast0 - Treatment
- B concentration in the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- Plant growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_tree_at_Samedha.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth decreased with increasing B concentration in the nutrient solution”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron reduced root growth more than leaf or stem growth.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- growth reductione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- leaves or stemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth reduction was higher for roots than for leaves or stems”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron concentration increased in all tissues with leaf greater than root greater than stem.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Organ / stage
- leaf > root > steme0
- Outcome
- B concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B concentration increased in all plant tissues, in the following order: leaf > root > stem”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer roots are more sensitive to boron toxicity than leaves.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- B toxicitye0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of J. curcas are more sensitive to B toxicity than the leaves”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer restricted boron mobility and accumulation in basal and middle leaves.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Organ / stage
- basal and middle leavese0
- Outcome
- B has restricted mobilitye0
- Qualifier
- via the transpiration streame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B has restricted mobility inside these plants, accumulating mainly in the basal and middle leaves via the transpiration stream”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher leaf boron reduced photosynthetic CO2 assimilation.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Treatment
- B concentration in leavese0
- Outcome
- A CO2e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing B concentration in leaves decreased the A CO2 and the stomatal conductance”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher leaf boron reduced stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Treatment
- B concentration in leavese0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing B concentration in leaves decreased the A CO2 and the stomatal conductance”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher leaf boron did not affect leaf water parameters.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Outcome
- leaf water parameterse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf water parameters were not affected”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll measures indicated nonstomatal factors in assimilation decline.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Outcome
- A CO2 declinee0
- Qualifier
- nonstomatal factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that nonstomatal factors were involved in the A CO2 decline”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron toxicity reduced PSII photochemistry parameters.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Treatment
- B toxicitye0
- Outcome
- parameters of PSII photochemistrye0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreases in the parameters of PSII photochemistry due to B toxicity”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer chloroplast structural damage from reduced PSII photochemistry.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Outcome
- structural damage in chloroplastse0
- Qualifier
- decreases in the parameters of PSII photochemistrye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreases in the parameters of PSII photochemistry due to B toxicity suggest that there was structural damage in chloroplasts”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonstructural carbohydrates generally declined in all tissues.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Outcome
- nonstructural carbohydratese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“general tendency for a decrease in nonstructural carbohydrates in all plant tissues”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess boron increased leaf potassium concentration.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- excess Be0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With excess B, the concentrations of K and Mg increased in leaves”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess boron increased leaf magnesium concentration.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- excess Be0
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With excess B, the concentrations of K and Mg increased in leaves”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf phosphorus concentration declined under excess boron.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- P concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P concentration decrease in leaves”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf boron at 1.2 mg (g dw) –1 caused roughly 30% growth decline.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcasJatropha curcast0
- Treatment
- leaf B concentration of 1.2 mg (g dw) –1e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Value
- approximately 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf B concentration of 1.2 mg (g dw) –1 caused a growth decline of approximately 30%”
t0“Jatropha curcas”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Jatropha curcasPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction
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