Abstract
Abstract Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium. Total quantities of organic acids were greatest in treatments containing both plants and biosolids, with lesser amounts in treatments with plants alone, biosolids‐treated media alone, and a nutrient solution–irrigated blank medium. Biosolids enhanced organic acid production in the rhizosphere and influenced the composition of organic acid mixtures. Only lactic, acetic, butyric, and oxalic acids were detected in media without plants. When the medium was planted, additional organic acids were recovered including tartaric, maleic, succinic, valeric, glutaric, pyruvic, and propionic. Lactic, acetic, and butyric acids were predominant in solutions recovered from the planted media and collectively accounted for 0.65 to 0.75 of the COO− mole fraction. Oxalic, maleic, and tartaric acids were the second most abundant and varied from 0.05 to 0.1 of the mole fraction, followed by succinic, valeric, glutaric, propionic, and pyruvic acids, comprising ≤0.05 of the mole fraction. Plant growth stage had no effect on relative proportions of organic acids but did influence the total quantities of organic acids recovered. Biosolids sources did not have a significant effect on either the quantity or composition of organic acids in any media. The predominance of organic acids that are microbial fermentation products suggests that the carbon contained in root exudates and biosolid amendments was transformed into a mixture of various fermentation products that accumulated in the rhizosphere solution and sand medium as a result of microbial growth and activity.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Total organic acids were greatest where both corn plants and biosolids were present.
- Treatment
- plants and biosolidse2
- Outcome
- Total quantities of organic acidse2
- Direction
- greateste2
- Comparator
- plants alonee2
- Setting
- sand‐culture hydroponic mediume1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e2“Total quantities of organic acids were greatest in treatments containing both plants and biosolids, with lesser amounts in treatments with plants alone, biosolids‐treated media alone, and a nutrient solution–irrigated blank medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Biosolids enhanced organic acid production in the rhizosphere.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e3“Biosolids enhanced organic acid production in the rhizosphere and influenced the composition of organic acid mixtures”
Claim · model-written summary
Biosolids influenced the composition of organic acid mixtures in the rhizosphere.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e3“Biosolids enhanced organic acid production in the rhizosphere and influenced the composition of organic acid mixtures”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactic, acetic and butyric acids were detected in media without plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e4“Only lactic, acetic, butyric, and oxalic acids were detected in media without plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic acid was detected in media without plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e4“Only lactic, acetic, butyric, and oxalic acids were detected in media without plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Planted media yielded additional tartaric, maleic and succinic acids.
- Outcome
- additional organic acids were recovered including tartaric, maleic, succinice5
- Qualifier
- When the medium was plantede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e5“When the medium was planted, additional organic acids were recovered including tartaric, maleic, succinic, valeric, glutaric, pyruvic, and propionic”
Claim · model-written summary
Planted media yielded additional valeric, glutaric and pyruvic acids.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e5“When the medium was planted, additional organic acids were recovered including tartaric, maleic, succinic, valeric, glutaric, pyruvic, and propionic”
Claim · model-written summary
Planted media yielded additional propionic acid.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e5“When the medium was planted, additional organic acids were recovered including tartaric, maleic, succinic, valeric, glutaric, pyruvic, and propionic”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactic, acetic and butyric acids were predominant in planted media, accounting for 0.65 to 0.75 of the COO− mole fraction.
- Outcome
- Lactic, acetic, and butyric acidse6
- Value
- 0.65 to 0.75e6
- Qualifier
- predominant in solutions recovered from the planted mediae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e6“Lactic, acetic, and butyric acids were predominant in solutions recovered from the planted media and collectively accounted for 0.65 to 0.75 of the COO− mole fraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic, maleic and tartaric acids were the second most abundant, at 0.05 to 0.1 of the mole fraction.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e7“Oxalic, maleic, and tartaric acids were the second most abundant and varied from 0.05 to 0.1 of the mole fraction, followed by succinic, valeric, glutaric, propionic, and pyruvic acids, comprising ≤0.05 of the mole fraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Succinic, valeric and glutaric acids each comprised at most 0.05 of the mole fraction.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e7“Oxalic, maleic, and tartaric acids were the second most abundant and varied from 0.05 to 0.1 of the mole fraction, followed by succinic, valeric, glutaric, propionic, and pyruvic acids, comprising ≤0.05 of the mole fraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Propionic and pyruvic acids each comprised at most 0.05 of the mole fraction.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e7“Oxalic, maleic, and tartaric acids were the second most abundant and varied from 0.05 to 0.1 of the mole fraction, followed by succinic, valeric, glutaric, propionic, and pyruvic acids, comprising ≤0.05 of the mole fraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth stage had no effect on the relative proportions of organic acids.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e2“Plant growth stage had no effect on relative proportions of organic acids but did influence the total quantities of organic acids recovered”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant growth stage influenced the total quantities of organic acids recovered.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e2“Plant growth stage had no effect on relative proportions of organic acids but did influence the total quantities of organic acids recovered”
Claim · model-written summary
Biosolids sources had no significant effect on the quantity or composition of organic acids.
- Treatment
- Biosolids sourcese2
- Outcome
- quantity or composition of organic acidse2
- Direction
- did not have a significant effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e2“Biosolids sources did not have a significant effect on either the quantity or composition of organic acids in any media”
Claim · model-written summary
The predominance of organic acids suggests that they are microbial fermentation products formed through microbial growth and activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Organic acid production by plants and microorganisms was quantified in sand media amended with biosolids in the presence and absence of corn (Zea mays L.) in a sand‐culture hydroponic medium”
e2“The predominance of organic acids that are microbial fermentation products suggests that the carbon contained in root exudates and biosolid amendments was transformed into a mixture of various fermentation products that accumulated in the rhizosphere solution and sand medium as a result of microbial growth and activity”
The same questions in other papers
stage · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.