Abstract
Pathogenicity test of all fungi (14 different isolates) isolated from both infected tomato fruits and the surface wash of other healthy fruits had different pathogenicity rates. The genus Rhizopus sp. was the most pathogenic one followed by Fusarium sp. Trichoderma harzianum isolates (T3 and T4) had a different pattern of antagonism against the tested pathogens. In dual plate test of the antagonistic action of T3 and T24 against the postharvest pathogens, clear zone size ranged between 1 and 4 and 3 and 6 mm by T3 and T24, respectively. The antagonists (T3 and T24) didn't show inhibition zone against Rhizopus sp., but they could overgrow it by 100% after 9 days of incubation. Mostly, all the other postharvest isolates showed high degree of overgrowth by T3 than T24. The two antagonists failed to overgrow Aspergillus species except for A. niger (3) which was overgrown by T3. Volatile and non-volatile metabolite tests indicated that mycelial growth of Penicillium stekii was significantly inhibited by T3 and T24 more than the other tested pathogens. The inhibition of A. niger (1) was 12% by non-volatile metabolites of T24 produced after 1 day incubation, and reached to 97% inhibition by the metabolites of 3 days. Interestingly, inhibition of Aspergillus sp. by volatile compounds of T3 and T24 was 2% and 20%, respectively, whereas the inhibition of the same pathogen by non-volatile compounds reached 75% and 87%, respectively. The results of slice assay clearly indicate that T. harzianum (T3 and T24) could provide a complete protection to tomato slices from the infection of the tested pathogens. After 3 days of incubation, Trichoderma suppressed the linear growth of these pathogens on tomato slices and the percentage of suppression was significant and ranged between 80 and 100%, except with Rhizopus sp. the suppression reached 33% only.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizopus sp. was the most pathogenic isolate among the tomato postharvest fungi, followed by Fusarium sp.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- most pathogenice1
_spores%2C_which_is_green_using_Light_Microscope%2C_Normal_image_without_any_coloring_or_processing_By_researcher_El_sayed_Al_gayar%2C_Faculty_of_Agriculture_Damietta_University.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
Rhizopus
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_spores%2C_which_is_green_using_Light_Microscope%2C_Normal_image_without_any_coloring_or_processing_By_researcher_El_sayed_Al_gayar%2C_Faculty_of_Agriculture_Damietta_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“The genus Rhizopus sp. was the most pathogenic one followed by Fusarium sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
In dual plate tests, clear zones of T3 and T24 against postharvest pathogens of tomato were 1 to 4 mm and 3 to 6 mm.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- postharvest pathogense1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T3 and T24e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- clear zone sizee1
- Value
- between 1 and 4 and 3 and 6 mme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“In dual plate test of the antagonistic action of T3 and T24 against the postharvest pathogens, clear zone size ranged between 1 and 4 and 3 and 6 mm by T3 and T24, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 and T24 showed no inhibition zone against Rhizopus sp. in dual plate tests.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Second interactor
- T3 and T24e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonee1
- Qualifier
- didn't showe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“The antagonists (T3 and T24) didn't show inhibition zone against Rhizopus sp., but they could overgrow it by 100% after 9 days of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 and T24 overgrew Rhizopus sp. by 100% after 9 days of incubation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Second interactor
- T3 and T24e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- overgrowe1
- Value
- 100%e1
- Qualifier
- after 9 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“The antagonists (T3 and T24) didn't show inhibition zone against Rhizopus sp., but they could overgrow it by 100% after 9 days of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 showed a higher degree of overgrowth of the other postharvest isolates than T24.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T3e1
- Interactor
- other postharvest isolatese1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianumt0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- overgrowthe1
- Direction
- highe1
- Comparator
- T24e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“Mostly, all the other postharvest isolates showed high degree of overgrowth by T3 than T24”
Claim · model-written summary
The two antagonists failed to overgrow Aspergillus species, except T3 overgrew A. niger (3).
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus species
Aspergilluse1pathogen - Second interactor
- T3e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- overgrow Aspergillus speciese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“The two antagonists failed to overgrow Aspergillus species except for A. niger (3) which was overgrown by T3”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatile and non-volatile metabolites of T3 and T24 significantly inhibited mycelial growth of Penicillium stekii more than the other tested pathogens.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Volatile and non-volatile metabolitee1
- Interactor
- Penicillium stekiie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T3 and T24e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of Penicillium stekiie1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Comparator
- other tested pathogense1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“Volatile and non-volatile metabolite tests indicated that mycelial growth of Penicillium stekii was significantly inhibited by T3 and T24 more than the other tested pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-volatile metabolites of T24 inhibited A. niger (1) by 12% after 1 day of incubation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- A. niger (1)
Aspergillus nigere1pathogen - Second interactor
- T24e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of A. niger (1)e1
- Value
- 12%e1
- Qualifier
- after 1 day incubatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“The inhibition of A. niger (1) was 12% by non-volatile metabolites of T24 produced after 1 day incubation, and reached to 97% inhibition by the metabolites of 3 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolites of T24 inhibited A. niger (1) by 97% after 3 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- A. niger (1)Aspergillus nigere1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T24e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of A. niger (1)e1
- Value
- 97% inhibitione1
- Qualifier
- by the metabolites of 3 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“The inhibition of A. niger (1) was 12% by non-volatile metabolites of T24 produced after 1 day incubation, and reached to 97% inhibition by the metabolites of 3 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatile compounds of T3 and T24 inhibited Aspergillus sp. by 2% and 20%, respectively.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus sp.Aspergilluse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T3 and T24e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of Aspergillus sp. by volatile compoundse1
- Value
- 2% and 20%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“Interestingly, inhibition of Aspergillus sp. by volatile compounds of T3 and T24 was 2% and 20%, respectively, whereas the inhibition of the same pathogen by non-volatile compounds reached 75% and 87%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-volatile compounds of T3 and T24 inhibited Aspergillus sp. by 75% and 87%, respectively.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus sp.Aspergilluse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T3 and T24e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of the same pathogen by non-volatile compoundse1
- Value
- 75% and 87%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“Interestingly, inhibition of Aspergillus sp. by volatile compounds of T3 and T24 was 2% and 20%, respectively, whereas the inhibition of the same pathogen by non-volatile compounds reached 75% and 87%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum isolates T3 and T24 gave a complete protection of tomato slices from infection by the tested pathogens.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- tested pathogense1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum (T3 and T24)Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protection to tomato slices from the infectione1
- Qualifier
- completee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“The results of slice assay clearly indicate that T. harzianum (T3 and T24) could provide a complete protection to tomato slices from the infection of the tested pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma suppressed linear growth of the tested pathogens on tomato slices by 80 to 100% after 3 days, significantly.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- these pathogense1pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentage of suppressione1
- Value
- between 80 and 100%e1
- Qualifier
- After 3 days of incubatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“After 3 days of incubation, Trichoderma suppressed the linear growth of these pathogens on tomato slices and the percentage of suppression was significant and ranged between 80 and 100%, except with Rhizopus sp. the suppression reached 33% only”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma suppressed Rhizopus sp. on tomato slices by only 33% after 3 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- the suppressione1
- Value
- 33%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Antagonistic effect of two isolates ofTrichoderma harzianumagainst postharvest pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)”
e1“After 3 days of incubation, Trichoderma suppressed the linear growth of these pathogens on tomato slices and the percentage of suppression was significant and ranged between 80 and 100%, except with Rhizopus sp. the suppression reached 33% only”
The same questions in other papers
metabolite · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.