Abstract
Changes in the content of starch, protein, and RNA and in the activity of their hydrolases in the rice endosperm (Oryza sativa L., variety IR8) were determined during the first week of germination without added nutrient both in the dark and in the light. Changes were generally more rapid in the dark than in the light. Oxygen uptake and RNase activity started to increase and the root protruded on the second day, followed by the coleoptile on the third day, and the primary leaf on the fourth day. ATP level was at a maximum on the fourth day. The activity of amylases and R enzyme increased progressively, but that of phosphorylase tended to decrease during starch degradation. A new alpha amylase isozyme band appeared during germination. Glucose was the major product of starch degradation. Sucrose, maltose, maltotriose, raffinose, and fructose were also detected. Protease activity reached a maximum on the fifth or sixth day and closely paralleled the increase in soluble amino N and soluble protein.In embryoless seed halves with 0.12 muM gibberellin As, peak protease activity occurred in 2.5 days and peak alpha amylase activity on the fifth day of incubation. The production of alpha amylase, protease, and R enzyme was inhibited by 40 muM cycloheximide, but only alpha amylase and R enzyme were inhibited by 20 mug/ml actinomycin D.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Germination changes were generally faster in darkness than light.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- Changese0
- Direction
- more rapide0
- Comparator
- in the lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes were generally more rapid in the dark than in the light.”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen uptake increased starting on day two.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Oxygen uptakee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- second daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oxygen uptake and RNase activity started to increase and the root protruded on the second day”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
RNase activity increased starting on day two.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oxygen uptake and RNase activity started to increase and the root protruded on the second day”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The root protruded on day two.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- the root protrudede0
- Value
- second daye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root protruded on the second day”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The coleoptile appeared on day three.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilee0
- Outcome
- coleoptilee0
- Value
- third daye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by the coleoptile on the third day”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The primary leaf appeared on day four.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- primary leafe0
- Outcome
- primary leafe0
- Value
- fourth daye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and the primary leaf on the fourth day”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
ATP level peaked on day four.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- ATP levele0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- fourth daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ATP level was at a maximum on the fourth day.”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylase and R enzyme activities increased during starch degradation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- amylases and R enzymee0
- Outcome
- activity of amylases and R enzymee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of amylases and R enzyme increased progressively”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorylase activity tended to decline during starch degradation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- phosphorylasee0
- Outcome
- phosphorylasee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that of phosphorylase tended to decrease during starch degradation”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
A new alpha amylase isozyme band appeared during germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- alpha amylasee0
- Outcome
- new alpha amylase isozyme band appearede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A new alpha amylase isozyme band appeared during germination.”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose was the major starch degradation product.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Glucose was the major producte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose was the major product of starch degradation.”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose, maltose and maltotriose were detected.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Sucrose, maltose, maltotriosee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sucrose, maltose, maltotriose, raffinose, and fructose were also detected.”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Raffinose and fructose were detected.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- raffinose, and fructosee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raffinose, and fructose were also detected.”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Protease activity peaked on day five or six.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- Proteasee0
- Outcome
- Protease activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- fifth or sixth daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protease activity reached a maximum on the fifth or sixth day”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Protease activity closely tracked increases in soluble amino nitrogen and soluble protein.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- soluble amino N and soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- closely parallelede0
- Comparator
- soluble amino N and soluble proteine0
Not reportedGeneOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“closely paralleled the increase in soluble amino N and soluble protein”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
With gibberellin As, protease activity peaked after 2.5 days in embryoless seed halves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- embryoless seed halvese0
- Treatment
- 0.12 muM gibberellin Ase0
- Outcome
- peak protease activitye0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 2.5 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In embryoless seed halves with 0.12 muM gibberellin As, peak protease activity occurred in 2.5 days”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
With gibberellin As, alpha amylase activity peaked on day five in embryoless seed halves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- peak alpha amylase activitye0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- fifth daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peak alpha amylase activity on the fifth day of incubation”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycloheximide inhibited production of alpha amylase, protease and R enzyme.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 40 muM cycloheximidee0
- Outcome
- production of alpha amylase, protease, and R enzymee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of alpha amylase, protease, and R enzyme was inhibited by 40 muM cycloheximide”
t0“Rice Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomycin D inhibited production of alpha amylase and R enzyme.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 20 mug/ml actinomycin De0
- Outcome
- alpha amylase and R enzymee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only alpha amylase and R enzyme were inhibited by 20 mug/ml actinomycin D”
t0“Rice Grain”
The same questions in other papers
actinomycin D · physiology: enzyme activity · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
cycloheximide · physiology: enzyme activity · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.