Abstract
Elongation of intact young leaves of maize was found to be dynamically dependent on soil water supply. With adequate water, elongation was remarkably constant but slowed when the water potential of the soil in pots dropped from -0.1 to -0.2 bar and stopped when it dropped to -2.5 bars. The corresponding range of leaf water potential was -2.8 to -7 bars. Elongation resumed in less than a few seconds after a mildly water-stressed plant was rewatered.The effects on leaf elongation of step-wise changes in water potential of the root solution were determined. When the water potential of the root medium suddenly decreased below 0 bar, growth stopped initially and then resumed at a lower rate. When the water potential was suddenly increased back to 0 bar, growth accelerated transitorily to a high rate before slowing to the steady state rate. These results suggest an increase in cell extensibility during water stress.Leaves stressed for 1 or more days attained after rewatering almost the length of the control leaves. Growth rate after rewatering did not exceed that of the control at the corresponding developmental stage except during the short transitory rapid phase lasting only a fraction of an hour.As stress developed, growth stopped before carbon dioxide assimilation decreased noticeably. Upon the release of mild and short stress, the transitory rapid growth completely made up for the reduced elongation during stress, suggesting that metabolic processes for cell expansion might have proceeded unchecked during the stress period.The sensitivity and rapidity of response to changes in water status all point to the direct role of water in growth; its uptake provides the physical force for cell enlargement.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf elongation was stable with adequate water.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With adequate water, elongation was remarkably constant”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf elongation slowed as soil water potential fell from -0.1 to -0.2 bar.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slowed when the water potential of the soil in pots dropped from -0.1 to -0.2 bar”
e1“Elongation of intact young leaves of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf elongation stopped at soil water potential of -2.5 bars.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stopped when it dropped to -2.5 bars”
e1“Elongation of intact young leaves of maize”
e2“soil in pots”
Claim · model-written summary
The corresponding leaf water potential ranged from -2.8 to -7 bars.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The corresponding range of leaf water potential was -2.8 to -7 bars”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
After rewatering, elongation of mildly water-stressed maize resumed within seconds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elongation resumed in less than a few seconds after a mildly water-stressed plant was rewatered”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
A sudden drop in root-medium water potential below zero initially stopped growth.
- Treatment
- water potential of the root medium suddenly decreased below 0 bare0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- stoppede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the water potential of the root medium suddenly decreased below 0 bar, growth stopped initially”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
After a sudden drop in root-medium water potential, growth resumed at a lower rate.
- Treatment
- water potential of the root medium suddenly decreased below 0 bare0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the water potential of the root medium suddenly decreased below 0 bar, growth stopped initially and then resumed at a lower rate”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Restoring root-medium water potential to zero transiently accelerated growth.
- Treatment
- water potential was suddenly increased back to 0 bare0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the water potential was suddenly increased back to 0 bar, growth accelerated transitorily to a high rate before slowing to the steady state rate”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
After the transient acceleration, growth slowed to the steady-state rate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth accelerated transitorily to a high rate before slowing to the steady state rate”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer increased cell extensibility during water stress.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest an increase in cell extensibility during water stress”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
After rewatering, leaves stressed for at least one day nearly attained control-leaf length.
- Treatment
- after rewateringe0
- Outcome
- lengthe0
- Direction
- almoste0
- Qualifier
- 1 or more dayse0
- Comparator
- control leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves stressed for 1 or more days attained after rewatering almost the length of the control leaves”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-rewatering growth rate did not exceed controls at the same developmental stage outside a short transient phase.
- Treatment
- after rewateringe0
- Outcome
- Growth ratee0
- Direction
- did not exceede0
- Qualifier
- except during the short transitory rapid phase lasting only a fraction of an houre0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth rate after rewatering did not exceed that of the control at the corresponding developmental stage except during the short transitory rapid phase lasting only a fraction of an hour”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
As stress developed, growth stopped before carbon dioxide assimilation declined noticeably.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As stress developed, growth stopped before carbon dioxide assimilation decreased noticeably”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
As stress developed, carbon dioxide assimilation decreased after growth stopped.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As stress developed, growth stopped before carbon dioxide assimilation decreased noticeably”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
After short mild stress, transient rapid growth compensated completely for reduced elongation.
- Treatment
- release of mild and short stresse0
- Outcome
- reduced elongation during stresse0
- Direction
- completely made upe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Upon the release of mild and short stress, the transitory rapid growth completely made up for the reduced elongation during stress”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that processes for cell expansion may continue during stress.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that metabolic processes for cell expansion might have proceeded unchecked during the stress period”
t0“Maize Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that water uptake directly supplies physical force for cell enlargement.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the direct role of water in growth; its uptake provides the physical force for cell enlargement”
t0“Maize Leaves”
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